The polyimide (PI) nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning method exhibit higher porosity,permeability,and surface area,thereby integrating and amplifying the excellent properties of polyimide materials and micro-nano structures.In our work,starting from the two concepts and characteristics of PI and electrostatic spinning,this polymer material with special micro-nano structure and micro-morphology was introduced.The existing process strategies for preparing PI nanofiber membranes were summarized,focusing on the related modification techniques of polyimide fiber membranes and elucidating their specific performance advantages.Furthermore,the future development trends and key technical challenges faced by polyimide nanofiber membranes were pointed out.

Coal tar pitch has the advantages of high carbon content,high yield,and low cost,making it an excellent raw material for preparing high-performance carbon materials.This article introduced the modification methods of coal tar pitch,reviewed the preparation methods of coal tar pitch-based high-performance carbon materials,such as carbon microspheres,needle coke,and carbon fibers.The effects of coal tar pitch modification methods on the particle size distribution and yield of carbon microspheres,the quality of needle coke,and the spinning performance of carbon fibers were summarized.

With the continuous increase in power consumption and heat of electronic devices,it puts forward higher requirements for the performance of thermal management materials.Graphene,as thermal conductive filler,has been widely used to prepare the thermal conductive polymer composites.Compared with the traditional direct blending of graphene with polymer,the graphene with oriented structure is more favorable to achieve polymer composites with high thermal conductivity.Hence,the construction of oriented structured graphene in polymer composites to realize high thermal conductivity has become a research hotspot.In this paper,the preparation methods and applications of high thermal conductive interface materials based on oriented structured graphene in recent years were reviewed.At the end,their future research and development were analyzed and prospected.

Interfacial evaporation materials are the core of solar interfacial evaporation technology,and their performance directly determines the system efficiency.The carbon-based interfacial evaporation materials have excellent properties such as broad-band light absorption,efficient photothermal conversion ability,good stability and corrosion resistance,making them great potential for application in the field of solar interfacial evaporation.This work introduced the principle and system structure of solar interfacial evaporation technology,outlined the mechanisms of photothermal conversion and vapor generation,and compared the photothermal conversion properties of different materials.The application progress of multilayer composite carbon-based materials and carbon-based aerogel composite materials in solar interfacial evaporation technology was reviewed.Finally,the future research directions for carbon-based interfacial evaporation materials were prospected.

Firstly,the energy storage principle and thermal conductivity process of phase change materials (PCMs) were briefly introduced,then the enhancement method of thermal conductivity of composite PCMs was summarized,and the preparation methods and experimental results of thermally conductive enhanced composite PCMs in recent years were introduced.The problems existing in the development of thermally conductive enhanced composite phase change materials were further analyzed,and the development prospects of PCMSs were discussed.

Epoxy resin is a polymer material known for its high strength and rigidity,good chemical stability,and ease of processing.However,its brittleness seriously limits its applications.To address the toughening of epoxy resin,domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research.The article mainly introduced the research progress on the modification of epoxy resins using toughening agents in recent years,involving toughening materials such as rubber elastomers,thermoplastic polymers,nanomaterials,flexible segments,hyperbranched polymers,and block copolymers.Additionally,future directions for the development of toughening technologies for epoxy resin were discussed,aiming to provide theoretical guidance for future research.It is anticipated that future researchers can advance the development of epoxy resin toughening design by exploring methods of filling,modification,toughening mechanisms and operability.

Temperature-regulating textiles have garnered widespread attention due to their significant advantages in enhancing human comfort and promoting energy conservation.Phase change materials (PCMs) are capable of absorbing or releasing heat within the phase change interval,thereby realizing energy storage and release within a specific temperature range,which is the core of realizing the thermoregulation function,with excellent heat storage capacity and controllable phase change temperature range.The preparation of temperature-regulating textiles involves the synthesis and encapsulation of PCMs,composite with fibers,and fabric design.By integration of PCMs into fabrics or fibers,the phase change of these materials can regulate the temperature of the textiles,thereby creating a comfortable microclimate for the wearer.This not only enhances user's comfort but also contributes to energy savings and emissions reduction.This review summarized the classification of PCMs,encapsulation methods,and current applications,and introduced the preparation processes,thermal performance characterization methods,and the application progress of PCM-based temperature-regulating textiles in fields such as military,aerospace,biomedicine,and flexible wearable devices.Furthermore,it discussed the future development prospects of temperature-regulating textiles.

Silicone materials have been widely used in aerospace,national defense industry and various industries of the national economy due to their excellent properties,such as high and low temperature resistance,weather resistance,electrical insulation,physiological inertness.The study of its depolymerization behaviour is helpful for the design and development of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber and the green recycling of waste silicone materials.The degradation mechanisms of silicone materials were reviewed,which mainly including catalytic degradation (nucleophiles,electrophiles) and thermal degradation (side-group thermo-oxidative degradation,main-chain zipper degradation,and main-chain random rearrangement degradation).The main approaches to inhibit and promote the degradation of silicone materials were described,aiming at improving the thermal stability of polysiloxanes and realizing the recycling of waste silicone materials.

With the rapid growth of the number of electronic equipment in recent years,the problems of electromagnetic radiation and interference have attracted more and more attention.Absorbing and losing electromagnetic wave energy through wave-absorbing materials is an effective way to solve this problem.Polypyrrole nanomaterials have become an ideal matrix for the new generation of wave-absorbing materials because of their advantages such as light weight,controllable electrical conductivity,simple synthesis and strong interfacial polarization.Firstly,the electric and magnetic loss mechanisms of wave-absorbing materials were introduced,and then the research progress of single polypyrrole and polypyrrole composites in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption was reviewed.Finally,the development predicament and future improvement direction of polypyrrole wave-absorbing nanomaterials were discussed in the hope of providing reference for the design of the new generation of wave-absorbing materials.

Aqueous Zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted considerable attentions because of their high energy density,inherent safety and low cost.The cathode material is the key to limit the excellent electrochemical performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Among diverse array of cathode materials,vanadium-based oxides have garnered wide concern on account of unique advantages such as high capacity and excellent rate capability,which can be attributed to their abundant electronic valence state and intrinsic layered structure.However,sluggish kinetics and unstable crystal structure lead to poor capacity and cyclic stability.The energy storage mechanism of vanadium-based oxide cathode materials was introduced.The methods of embedding engineering,defect engineering and composite materials to improve the electrochemical performance of vanadium-based oxide cathode materials were reviewed.Its future development prospects was also discussed.

Anode-free lithium metal batteries are expected to become the next generation of energy storage devices due to their ultra-high energy density,excellent safety,and good economy.However,a series of problems such as high interface contact resistance,lithium dendrites,and dead lithium formation lead to a shortened cycle life.In recent years,researchers have conducted some research works on optimizing electrolytes and deposition substrates to extend battery life.This article elaborated on the current development status and existing problems of anode-free lithium metal batteries,focusing on the research progress of electrolyte optimization,SEI interface modification,current collector modification and other strategies to improve the cycling stability of batteries.Finally,the future opportunities and possible development directions of anode-free lithium metal batteries were analyzed and discussed.

TiO₂ is a well-known functional inorganic semiconductor photocatalytic material with excellent performance under UV light in solving particular environmental problems faced today.However,TiO₂ can only absorb a small proportion of the solar spectrum (λ<387nm) due to its wide bandgap (E_g=3.1～3.4eV).Therefore,the issues of improving interaction between the materials and the photocatalyst as well as the accessibility of the active sites are still challenges needed to be addressed in order to transfer the optical response of titanium dioxide into the visible range and improve the photocatalytic activity.Here in,the research status of TiO₂-based materials was briefly introduced and the synthesis and photocatalytic application of MOF-derived functionalized TiO₂ were emphasized.Finally,the effective ways and methods to improve the structural properties of Ti-based photocatalytic composites were summarized,and the existing problems and challenges were analyzed.

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are a kind of organic solar cells (OSCs),which have attracted significant attention due to their distinctive advantages,including excellent morphological stability and mechanical stretchability.In recent years,the limitations of fullerene acceptors and their derivatives constrain the further advancement of photovoltaic performance.n-Type polymer electron acceptors have been developed because of their advantages including adjustable energy level,high absorption coefficient,excellent electrical and photoelectric properties.Thanks to the rapid development of n-type polymerized small molecule acceptors (PSMAs),the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-PSCs has been significantly improved in several years.In this review article,the development of PSMAs and the research progress of all-PSCs were summarized and the future development direction of OSCs was also prospected.

Although lithium-sulfur batteries have a promising future,lithium-sulfur batteries involve a complex and lengthy 16-electron redox reaction process during the reaction.A large number of studies indicate that the highest sulfur conversion barrier stage is the generation stage of lithium sulfide (Li₂S),and the theoretical capacity release of this process accounts for 3/4 of the total capacity of Li-S batteries.However,due to the inherent insulating properties of Li₂S itself and the uncontrollable deposition during the reaction process leading to passivation of the electrode interface,the utilization of sulfur of the active substance is affected,which in turn affects the capacity release of the battery.The factors affecting the deposition morphology of anode Li₂S,such as temperature,solvent,and current density,were summarized,and the methods of regulating the deposition morphology of anode Li₂S was introduced.

The self-cleaning surfaces have broad application prospects,stemming from the resource-saving and environmentally friendly features.Dual self-cleaning surface,through the synergistic effect of superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic activity,can efficiently remove inorganic particles and organic pollutants by utilizing rain washing and sunlight irradiation in natural environment conditions,overcoming the limitations of single-function self-cleaning surfaces and realizing a long-term use.Research on performance characterization methods of dual self-cleaning surfaces is the cornerstone of their research.Hence,this review article focused on the performance characterization methods of dual self-cleaning surfaces,including photocatalytic self-cleaning,superhydrophobic self-cleaning,and durability of dual self-cleaning.Additionally,constructive suggestions were provided to address the shortcomings of current characterization methods,and future development trends and prospects were pointed out for superhydrophobic-photocatalytic dual self-cleaning surfaces.The review article aims to provide the theoretical basis and technical supports for scientific characterization methods of self-cleaning surfaces.

Silane coupling agent KH-590 crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite fibers were prepared by gel spinning process,then the changes in crystalline behavior,mechanical properties,creep resistance,and microstructure of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers before and after modification were investigated,and the relationship between the silane coupling agent and the creep resistance of the composite fibers was systematically explored.The results indicated that when the KH-590 content was 2%,the gel content of UHMWPE fibers reached a basic saturation.After crosslinking with KH-590,the creep resistance of the samples was significantly improved,with the optimal creep resistance of UHMWPE observed at a KH-590 content of 2%.With the increases of molecular weight and coupling agent content,the crystallinity,thermal stability,and gel content of UHMWPE fibers were significantly enhanced.This study provides an experimental basis for the modification method of the creep resistance of UHMWPE fibers,which is expected to provide a reference for the preparation of high creep-resistant UHMWPE composite fibers.

Cobalt atomic clusters-polytungsten metal-oxygen clusters-carbon black composites (Co_Clusters-SiW₁₂-CB abbreviated as Co-SiW₁₂-CB) were prepared by impregnation method and annealed in air at 160℃.The materials were characterized and analysed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),high-angle annular dark-field scanning projection electron microscopy (HADDF-STEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray energy spectrometry (EDS),and BET tests were performed to characterize and analyze the materials and test their hydrogen precipitation properties.The results showed that the Co atomic clusters could be stably anchored on the surface thanks to the metal-carrier interaction.The required overpotential for the hydrogen precipitation reaction was 423mV with a Tafel slope of 119mV/dec in 1.0mol/L KOH alkaline electrolyte when the current density was 10mA/cm².In addition,the catalytic materials were more stable and had better electrochemical hydrogen precipitation performance in alkaline electrolyte.

Carbon fiber reinforced composites have excellent rigidity but poor ductility,and the fiber is prone to brittle fracture.Blass fiber ductility is good,but the strength is relatively low.The carbon fiber and glass fiber were blended through the needle-punching process,and a variety of glass fiber/carbon fiber composites with hybrid structure were prepared by vacuum introduction molding process.The tensile and flexural properties of the hybrid composites were tested using an electronic universal testing machine,and the cross-section morphology of the hybrid composites was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that the hybrid treatment could improve the strength of the composites,and the tensile strength of the interlayer hybrid composites was 25.24% higher than that of the traditional glass fiber composites,the maximum destructive strain was 40.26% higher than that of the traditional carbon fiber composites,and it showed pseudo-plasticity damage in the bending damage test.

Non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) is a well-established technique for the preparation of polymer porous membranes,but uneven phase conversion caused by membrane stripping can affect membrane structure and performance.In our work,polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used as the membrane material and pure water was used as the non-solvent for delayed stripping experiments.The results showed that the pure water flux of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes could be effectively improved by delaying the stripping time while maintaining the BSA retention rate of more than 90%.The highest T5 flux (412L·m^-2·h^-1) was achieved with a 60-minute delayed tripping,which was 17.4% higher that of the original membrane T0 (351L·m^-2·h^-1) without delayed operation.In addition,the SEM results indicated that the delayed stripping had no significant effect on the morphology of the membrane,and the pores at the bottom of the membrane were relatively larger.It provides a simple,convenient and low-cost method to improve the performance of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes.

Petroleum-based synthetic elastomers are developing rapidly but there are unsustainable issues and are increasingly subject to the pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction.Therefore,the development of bio-based elastomers is imperative.This study used bio-based castor oil as the primary raw material to prepare castor oil-based polyurethane elastomers.Characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),universal mechanical testing machine,and Shore hardness tester were employed to analyze and test the structure,thermal behavior,mechanical properties,and elasticity of the elastomers.The results indicated that the prepared castor oil-based polyurethane elastomers exhibited excellent mechanical properties,resistance to hydrolysis,and a certain degree of self-healing capabilities.The water absorption rate of castor oil-based polyurethane elastomer was approximately 0.64%.Degradation tests showed that at 100℃ with a pH of 14,the degradation rate was 2.42%.Self-healing tests revealed that the elastomers prepared with castor oil had a healing efficiency of 64.01% at 100℃.Thus,the petroleum-based polyols used have the potential to be replaced,or partially replaced,by castor oil to prepare high-performance polyurethane elastomers.

This study first used γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to organically modify the surface of nano attapulgite and introduce copolymerizable double bonds onto the surface of nano attapulgite.Then,using organically modified nano attapulgite,butyl acrylate,methyl methacrylate,acrylic acid,and others as comonomers,and using MS-1 and OP-10 as combined emulsifier and ammonium persulfate as initiator,a covalently bonded nano attapulgite-organosilicon modified acrylate composite emulsion was prepared through a seed emulsion polymerization process.The performance evaluation results showed that compared to the pure acrylate emulsion,this emulsion had superior mechanical properties,media resistance and durability.It could be used to produce environmentally friendly coatings,adhesives,inks,etc.,which were suitable for application areas with harsh conditions and high durability requirements.

Homogeneous Ag nanowires with optimal growth of (111) crystal face were synthesized by low-cost alcohol-thermal method,and then the Ag nanowires were mixed into the TiO₂ paster to prepared the photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells with different content of Ag nanowires.The photovoltaic performance of the corresponding solar cells was tested.The results showed that with the increase of Ag nanowire content in the photoanode,the short-circuit current of the battery increased significantly.When the Ag nanowire content reached 2wt%,the short-circuit current of the cell was increased from 4.58mA/cm² to 7.43mA/cm²,and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the solar cell was increased to 3.70%.The increase in short-circuit current was mainly attributed to the presence of Ag nanowires,which provided a direct and fast electron transport channel for dye-sensitized solar cells,which was conducive to electron transfer.The introducing one-dimensional fast electron channel into the photoanode of the cell involved in this study provides a new idea and way for the development of high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells.

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have great application prospects in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their advantages such as highly cross-linked structure,large specific surface area,excellent chemical stability and π-conjugated skeleton.Herein,two conjugated microporous polymers,CMPs-PA and CMPs-BPA were prepared by Schiff base condensation using spirodifluorene and p-phenylenediamine (PA) and benzidine (BPA) with different conjugation lengths.Among them,CMPs-BPA showed better microporous properties compared with CMPs-PA.The cross-linking degree and specific surface area of the conjugated microporous polymer CMPs-BPA were improved by using long conjugated benzidine that increased the pore size.The large specific surface area and abundant microporous structure helped to increase the contact area between Li⁺ and the electrolyte,shorten the diffusion distance of Li⁺,and promote rapid charge transfer.When CMPs were applied as anode materials for LIBs,CMPs-BPA exhibited reversible redox activity and enhanced electrochemical performance,including high cyclic stability,with a capacity retention of 30.2% after 500 cycles at a current density of 100mA/g.

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membranes are ideal materials for molecular separation.In this paper,a 2D COF membrane,TpPa-SO₃H,was rapidly prepared on a porous aluminium oxide (AAO) substrate by in situ solvent-thermal polymerization using 2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-benzotricarboxaldehyde (Tp) and 2,5-diaminobenzenesulphonic acid (Pa-SO₃H) as the building monomers,and the separation performance of the membrane for lithium (Li) and magnesium (Mg) ions was investigated.The results showed that the membrane surface was smooth and dense with high crystallinity and one-dimensional nanopores.The negatively charged sulfonic acid groups on TpPa-SO₃H not only facilitated the improvement of the permeation flux of the membrane,but also enhanced the separation efficiency of the two ions through electrostatic interactions.The separation factor of this membrane for Li⁺/Mg²⁺ in a binary salt system of LiCl (0.1mol/L) and MgCl₂ (0.1mol/L) was up to 22.Electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions were the main diffusion resistance of magnesium ions in COF membranes and the decisive influences on the ion separation properties.

A novel amino microporous adsorption resin was prepared by suspension polymerization,and its adsorption properties for Cu(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ),and Cd(Ⅱ) were investigated.The resin showed that the adsorption kinetics heavy metals adsorbed by the resin followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model,and the intra-particle diffusion was the main rate-limiting step.The adsorption isotherms of Cu(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ),and Cd(Ⅱ) were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model,and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacities were 0.84mmol/g,0.75mmol/g,and 0.52mmol/g,respectively.The removal mechanism for Cu(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) was mainly coordination adsorption,in which amino nitrogen atoms (—NH₂) provided adsorption sites.In the range of pH 1～6,the adsorption capacity of amino macroporous cross-linked adsorption resin for heavy metals was better.In the range of 0～10mmol/L,the adsorption capacity of the resin for heavy metals decreased obviously with the increase of ionic strength.

In this paper,the surface modification of boron nitride with γ-glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxy-silane (KH560) was carried out,and the modified boron nitride (BN) was added to the epoxy natural rubber/natural rubber (ENR/NR) rubber matrix to prepare rubber composites.The mechanical properties,wet skid resistance,wear resistance and thermal conductivity were tested and analyzed.The results showed that boron nitride modification could significantly improve the interaction between filler and matrix,and enhance the wear resistance,wet skid resistance and thermal conductivity of rubber composites.

For multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) filled fluoroelastomer (FKM) composite,we passed the compound through the rolls by different thin pass numbers,4,6,10,14,18 and 22 times,to gradually uniform the dispersion of MWCNT in FKM,and the effect of the dispersion of MWCNT on the properties of FKM was investigated.The strain sweep results showed that the dispersions of MWCNT in FKM were gradually homogenized with the increase of the numbers of thin passes.The mechanical property test results indicated that the more evenly dispersed the MWCNT,the better the reinforcement effect.The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical conductivity confirmed that the volume resistivity of the FKM/MWCNT composite decreased gradually with the increase of dispersion degree,exhibiting a percolation threshold phenomenon.

In order to solve the problems of low energy utilization rate and poor structural stability of photothermal conversion materials,a tightly arranged upper layer of nanotube array was constructed on the basis of graphene film by means of micro imprinting technology.Meanwhile,a porous aerogel base was formed by fixed-point dropping and multiple foaming.Thus,a graphene-based photothermal conversion material with integrated structure of light absorbing upper layer and heat insulating base was prepared.The results indicated that the light trap constructed from graphene hollow nanotubes could not only significantly increase the number of light reflections,but also reduce the light reflectivity.The length of the nanotubes was directly proportional to the light absorption ability of the material,which could increase the absorbance to over 98% under the imprinting conditions of 85kN and 8h.Besides,the combination of porous insulation base could effectively improve the photothermal conversion behavior and water evaporation effect of the material,and achieve 87% photothermal conversion efficiency and 1.3kg/(m²·h) water evaporation rate at the base thickness of 6mm.

The poor conductivity,irreversible structural transformation and slow reaction kinetics limit the application of MnO₂ in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.α-MnO₂ electrode materials with oxygen-rich defects were prepared by hydrothermal method.The oxygen-rich defect α-MnO₂ electrode optimized the electronic structure,increased the active sites on the surface of the material,and improved the electrochemical performance of the cathode material.The discharge specific capacity of the aqueous zinc-ion battery assembled with α-MnO₂ as the cathode material was as high as 210.47mAh/g at a current density of 0.1A/g,and the capacity retention rate was 122.6%,showing excellent electrochemical performance and cycle stability.

Vanadate (MVO),as an excellent negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,has been attracted considerable attention due to its quality-price ratio,high energy density and abundant natural resources.In order to reveal the key factors determining the energy storage performance of vanadate anode materials,the data collection and feature screening,the correlation analysis,the multivariate model construction,and the feature contribution resolution were applied based on data-driven approach.According to the analysis of variable correlation,it could be seen that there was a close correlation between the ionic electronegativity of M element and the discharge specific capacity of the first circle after stabilization.Among the various algorithms,the Adaboosting+decision tree algorithm model exhibited the optimal forecasting,with the decision coefficients of 0.89 and 0.81,respectively.The SHAP analysis showed that the ionic electronegativity was main contribution for the predicted output of the model.In short,it was confirmed that the electronegativity of M ions showed a strong positive correlation with the energy storage capacity of vanadate through the comprehensive judgment of correlation study and machine learning model prediction.The data-driven approach could accelerate the exploration of vanadate anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and provide ideas for the development of new materials in other fields.

Coupling agent coating method was used to optimize the performance of long-afterglow phosphor materials,and the preliminary reasons were analyzed.Four kinds of coupling agents,KH550,KH560,A151,and A171 were selected to modify the surface of self-prepared strontium aluminate long-afterglow phosphors.It was found that the ratios of coupling agents had a great influence on the luminescence performance of the powder,and the effects of different coupling agents were different.When the dosage of coupling agent was more than 5%,the luminescence performance of the powder was enhanced obviously,and the peak value appeared in 15%～25% ratio.Comparatively,A171 demonstrated the most noticeable optimization effect on luminescent performance overall.

The novel single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have high current carrying capacity and electrical conductivity,and the preparation method is relatively simple,making them important for application in perovskite solar cells.A perovskite solar cell with a structure of Glass/FTO/ZnO/MAPbI₃/SWCNT/Au was designed using SCAPS-1D software.The effects of SWCNT band gap and acceptor doping concentration in hole transport layer,ZnO donor doping concentration in electron transport layer,perovskite absorption layer thickness and defect state density on cell performance were investigated.The results showed that after optimization,the open circuit voltage,short circuit current density,filling factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells were 1.18V,25.58mA/cm²,83.76% and 25.42%,respectively.

Silane coupling agent KH550,silane coupling agent KH570,titanate coupling agent 201 and maleic anhydride coupling agent were used to modify salix fibers in order to improve the interfacial compatibility of salix fiber/polylactic acid composites.Using polylactic acid as the matrix and modified salix fiber as the reinforcing phase,the environmentally friendly salix/polylactic acid composites were prepared by molding process.The effects of coupling agent types and dosages on the mechanical properties of salix fiber/polylactic acid composites were studied.The results showed that:the interfacial compatibility and the mechanical strength of salix/polylactic acid composites modified by four coupling agents were improved,and the appropriate mass fractions of coupling agents were all 2wt%,among which the maleic anhydride coupling agent exhibited the most pronounced effect on enhancing the mechanical properties of the composite material.When the mass fraction was 2wt%,the static bending strength,elastic modulus,and impact strength of the composite material were 28.79MPa,3326.5MPa,and 4.351kJ/m²,which were increased by 113.8%,127.9% and 37.8%,respectively,compared with the control group.

Epoxy anti-corrosive coatings are high-performance coatings that can protect the substrate in harsh corrosive environment,and are widely used in anti-corrosion fields such as petroleum,chemical industry and marine engineering.Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoester (TW60) was used to modify inorganic montmorillonite to obtain modified montmorillonite/waterborne epoxy anticorrosive coatings.The apparent properties,adhesion,pencil hardness,impact resistance,water resistance,acid and alkali resistance and salt water resistance of modified montmorillonite/waterborne epoxy anticorrosive coatings was studied.The results revealed that when the mass fraction of modified montmorillonite 4%,the adhesion of modified montmorillonite/waterborne epoxy anticorrosive coating was grade 1 and the pencil hardness was 3H,while the impact resistance was 55cm.After soaking in 10% H₂SO₄ solution for 48h,saturated Ca(OH)₂ solution for 48h,and 3% NaCl solution for 168h,respectively,the coating surface had no skinning,peeling and blistering.

Currently,traditional gas separation methods such as cryogenic distillation suffer from low efficiency,high cost and safety hazards.Recently,MOF membranes with unique properties have gradually become a research hotspot.ZIF-67 is an ultra-microporous sized MOF material,which is ideal for carbon dioxide capture due to its well-defined pore size,especially its small size of 3.4Å,which makes it highly efficient in gas adsorption and separation,and suitable for separation according to the size of molecules.Moreover,ZIF-67 has excellent thermal stability,which is crucial in practical applications.In this study,we investigated the growth of ZIF-67 membranes with high separation performance from ZIF-67 nanosheet crystal species by a conventional secondary growth method using α-Al₂O₃ carrier tubes.By optimizing the synthesis conditions,excellent CO₂ separation performance was achieved,with an ideal H₂/CO₂ selectivity of 26.99 and an H₂ flux of 2.41×10^-8mol/(s·Pa·m²).

To study the adsorption performance and mechanism of modified biocarbon composites for heavy metal Ni(Ⅱ),the collected agricultural and forestry waste walnut shells were used as raw materials,which were carbonized under nitrogen atmosphere to prepare nitrogen-carbonized walnut shells biochar,and then natural montmorillonite was used as a modifier to prepare modified biochar composites.These composites were characterized and analyzed.SEM,FT-IR and XRD analyses were carried out to investigate the microstructure and properties of the modified walnut shell charcoal-based materials.The results showed that the surface of modified biochar was rough,loose and porous,and the montmorillonite particles were successfully attached to the surface of the biochar with a well-developed pore structure,which increased the active sites and enhanced the adsorption effect compared with that of the biochar before modification.The adsorbent dosage of 1.2g/L,pH 6,reaction temperature of 298K at room temperature,and time of 6h with a rotational speed of 160r/min were used for shaking,and the highest efficiency of Ni(Ⅱ) removal was 94.0%.The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-secondary-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model,and the process of adsorption was dominated by chemical adsorption.The results of the experiments indicated that the modified biochar composites had a good effect on the removal of heavy metal Ni(Ⅱ) in water,and had a certain application prospect for future heavy metal water pollution treatment and environmental remediation.

Sodium alginate-gangue-based molecular sieve composites (SA-CGMS) were prepared by composite calcination using gangue and sodium alginate (SA) as raw materials.The composites were used for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB).The structure was characterized by SEM.The results showed that the prepared composite molecular sieves had an orthotetrahedral structure with smooth surface and sharp corners,and the SA was uniformly attached on the gangue molecular sieves (CGMS).The adsorption experiments revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity of SA-CGMS for MB was 99.824mg/g and the adsorption conformed to the Langmuir model and quasi-secondary kinetic model,which indicated that the adsorption was a monolayer chemisorption.The adsorption process was characterized by interaction forces such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction.

A cerium-based metal organic framework adsorbent material Ce-MOF was prepared by solvothermal method,and then Ce-MOF-NH₂ functional material for phosphorus removal was synthesized by incorporating amino groups to its basis.The physicochemical properties of Ce-MOF and Ce-MOF-NH₂ were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),BET specific surface area analysis,thermogravimetric analysis (TG),infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),and other analytical techniques.Regeneration experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption and regeneration properties of both materials.Adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were employed to analyze the adsorption mechanism.The results revealed that at an initial pH of 3,the phosphate removal rates of Ce-MOF and Ce-MOF-NH₂ reached 91.26% and 95.08%,respectively.Amino modification significantly increased the specific surface area by 72.7% to reach 856.985m²/g,while also increasing pore volume by 44.8%.Moreover,Ce-MOF-NH₂ exhibited a higher overall collapse temperature (641℃) compared to Ce-MOF (585℃),indicating improved stability after amino modification.After five cycles of adsorption and regeneration,Ce-MOF-NH₂ maintained a phosphate removal rate of 83.65%,which was 11.19% higher than that achieved by Ce-MOF alone.The adsorption kinetics for both materials followed a quasi-second-order model,while the Freundlich isotherm model accurately described their respective adsorption isotherms.Combined FT-IR and XPS analyses suggested that surface precipitation,ligand exchange,and electrostatic attraction contributed to the phosphorus removal mechanisms in both materials.The introduction of amino groups provided additional adsorption sites for the adsorption process of Ce-MOF-NH₂ for phosphate,enhancing electrostatic attraction effects and ultimately improving its overall adsorption capacity.Ce-MOF-NH₂ demonstrated promising potential as a technical solution for efficient phosphorus removal in urban wastewater treatment plants under high emission standard.

As a new detection technology,point-of-care testing (POCT) has the advantages of rapidity,convenience,low cost and visualization,which makes it play an increasingly important role in the fields of analysis and detection.With the continuous development of materials science,nanozyme-based analytical sensors have been widely used in the field of POCT in forensic science.In this paper,the recent progress of nanozyme-based analytical sensors in POCT of forensic science was reviewed,the recognition principle and detection performance of different nanozyme sensors were discussed,and their future application prospects were outlooked.

The addition of heteroatoms to carbon dots can change the structure of carbon dots,improve the optical properties and electron transport capacity of carbon dots,and broaden its application range.The preparation methods of non-metal atom-doped carbon dots and metal atom-doped carbon dots were reviewed.The properties of doped carbon dots,such as ultraviolet and near-infrared light absorption,phosphorescence,photoluminescence and low cytotoxicity,were introduced.The applications of doped carbon dots in biological detection,biological imaging and tissue imaging were also discussed.

Chitosan is an ideal polymer matrix for the preparation of biomedical hydrogels due to its excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility.However,most chitosan-based hydrogels are prone to fracture and failure after physical damage.Reversible dissociation-reconstruction of dynamic chemical bonds are fabricated to repair network cracks autonomously in chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels,therefore the structural integrity and initial function of the hydrogels are maintained and the service life of the material is extended.In this paper,the latest research progress on chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels developed by compositing chitosan with other natural or synthetic polymers was reviewed,and their applications in the fields of biomedical materials such as medical wound dressings,intelligent biosensors,cell culture,and tissue-engineered scaffolds were further discussed.In view of the research status of chitosan-based self-healing hydrogels,the future development of intelligent,green and safe,multifunctional,and portable hydrogels was prospected to adopt broader application situations.

With the rapid advancement of flexible electronic technology,flexible sensors,as one of core components,have garnered widespread attention.Conductive hydrogel-based flexible sensors exhibit considerable potential for application in areas such as wearable electronics,electronic skin,and soft robotics,owing to their unique properties of flexibility,biocompatibility,and stretchability.This paper reviewed the preparation strategies,methods for performance enhancement,and research on the applications of functional conductive hydrogels in flexible sensors.Additionally,it discussed the development prospects and challenges faced in this field,aiming to provide valuable references and inspiration for future research.

SiO₂ aerogel,with its unique structural characteristics such as low thermal conductivity,high specific surface area and large porosity,has excellent performance in thermal insulation,adsorption separation,catalysis,energy storage and other aspects.With the continuous optimization of the preparation process,related products are increasingly widely used in construction pipelines,petrochemical,aerospace and other fields.As an excellent thermal insulation material,SiO₂ aerogel is applied to the coating industry,providing a new scheme for the development of the coating industry in China.

Hydrogels are polymeric materials with unique three-dimensional network structures.Their high water content and biocompatibility make them widely applicable in many fields.The basic concepts,classification,and preparation methods of hydrogels were systematically discussed.The applications in different fields were deeply analyzed.Subsequently,a comprehensive summary was conducted on the applications of hydrogels in biomedical engineering,industry,agriculture,and daily life.Finally,the main challenges faced by hydrogels were summarized and the future development directions were envisioned.

As a novel flexible electronic material,ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) exhibit the capability of achieving tunable mechanical and electrochemical properties spanning a wide range,which is attributed to their modifiable functional structures and groups.These hydrogels hold significant potential for applications in the field of flexible smart sensing.This paper introduced the classification of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)-based conductive hydrogels and their research advancements,reviewed the research on PVA-based ion-conductive hydrogels for flexible smart sensing applications.It further underscored the challenges associated with most current ICH-based flexible sensor devices,such as inferior mechanical properties,limited environmental tolerance,and homogeneous response.Consequently,potential research directions for PVA-based ICHs were proposed.

Magnetic humic acid-based adsorption material is a new type of adsorption material prepared with humic acid as the main base material,which has the characteristics of low cost,simple preparation process,environmental protection,easy separation and stronger adsorption performance.The preparation methods,advantages and disadvantages of humic acid magnetic materials were reviewed,and the magnetic humic acid adsorption materials were divided into humic acid-based magnetic materials and humic acid-modified magnetic materials.The application of magnetic humic acid adsorption materials in water environment treatment,soil environment treatment and atmospheric environment treatment was summarized,and the future development of this type of materials was also prospected.

Cellulose aerogels have great application potential in water treatment due to their unique microstructure,large specific surface area,high porosity,biocompatibility,biodegradability and renewability.Developing green renewable biomass energy is an effective way to solve environmental pollution.Taking waste as a sustainable source of cellulose extraction can further reduce the cost of cellulose aerogel preparation and solve the environmental problems caused by the massive accumulation and unreasonable utilization of waste.The methods of extracting cellulose from waste materials and preparing cellulose aerogel were summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and steps were discussed.The application of various kinds of waste-based cellulose aerogels in the field of water treatment was reviewed.At last,the future research directions were prospected.

Aluminum sulfate salt is a type of hydrated salt phase change material,including potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate and ammonium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate.It belongs to isomorphous dissolution,featuring a suitable phase transition temperature,high energy storage density,and no phase separation phenomenon,and it is one of the preferred materials in the field of thermal storage,with broad application prospects.However,aluminum sulfate salt has a high degree of supercooling,which limits its practical application.This article summarized the methods for inhibiting the supercooling degree of aluminum sulfate salt composite materials,such as adding nucleating agents and thickeners,porous matrix adsorption method,microencapsulation method,low melting point method,etc.The advantages and disadvantages of various methods were summarized,and the solutions were proposed to address existing problems.