Supercapacitors have received widespread attention in the energy storage industry due to their smaller volume,faster charge-discharge process and longer cycle life than traditional capacitors.Supercapacitor is an advanced energy storage device,which uses the double-layer charge distribution between the electrode and the electrolyte to store energy.It has the advantages of pollution-free and sustainable development.Among them,the most familiar graphene materials are the most widely used and play an important role.This paper summarized the history and manufacturing technology of graphene,and reviewed and prospected the application of graphene and other materials in supercapacitors in recent years.

This article systematically reviewed the research progress of Al/PTFE composite materials.In terms of the dynamic mechanical properties of composite materials,the larger the strain rate,the higher the material strength.The increase in Al content in composite materials results in an increase in elastic modulus and yield strength.As the temperature increases,the toughness of the composite material increases,but the dynamic compressive strength decreases.Iron powder,nickel powder,tungsten powder,copper oxide,titanium hydride,zirconium hydride,etc.can improve the compressive strength of Al/PTFE composites.Regarding the thermal performance of composite materials,the heat release of Al/n-PTFE is much higher than that of other aluminothermic agents,and the reactivity between nanoscale aluminum powder and PTFE is better than that of microscale aluminum powder.For ignition and combustion performance of composite materials,when the mass content of PTFE in the composite material is about 35%,the composite material exhibits the highest combustion pressure,the shortest combustion time,and the highest center flame temperature.Composite material samples with confined hollow structures burn better than samples with solid,hollow,and core-shell structures.Titanium hydride,ammonium perchlorate,and carbon nanotubes have a certain combustion supporting effect.As far as the impact response performance of composite materials,the higher the loading strain rate,the smaller the reaction delay time of the material,and the more intense the reaction.Moreover,the reactivity and degree of reaction of nanoscale aluminum powder are better than those of micrometer scale aluminum powder.Adding oxides (bismuth trioxide,copper oxide,molybdenum trioxide,and iron trioxide) can adjust the energy release characteristics of materials.In light of the reaction completeness of composite materials,the higher the launching rate of materials as projectiles,the more complete the reaction.The aluminum content has a very significant effect on the completeness of the reaction.Copper oxide can improve the completeness of the reaction.As for the application scenarios of composite materials,the damage effect of materials on target plates,arson ability,improvement of propellant mechanical properties and combustion efficiency,and the protective effect as protective materials have significantly improved compared to traditional materials.The research results of this article are expected to be an important reference for practitioners in the explosive and warhead industries.

With the rise of the new energy industry represented by lithium-ion batteries,the demand for lithium has increased dramatically,so the technology of lithium extraction from salt lake brine has received widespread attention.The lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine using lithium ion sieves as adsorbents is environmentally friendly,efficient and sustainable.This paper introduced the types of lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine,reviewed the synthesis methods of titanium-based lithium-ion sieves and the research progress of titanium-based lithium-ion sieve nanomaterials,and compared the advantages and disadvantages of different titanium-based lithium-ion sieve synthesis methods.Finally,it looked forward to the research direction of titanium-based lithium-ion sieves.

With development and progress of science and technology,the demand for multifunctional epoxy resin composites is increasing.Due to its unique structure and various excellent properties,hexagonal boron nitride can be added as a filler to epoxy resin matrix to improve the thermal conductivity,flame retardancy,anti-corrosion and other properties of composites,and it is one of the multifunctional fillers with broad application prospects.In order to improve the dispersibility of hexagonal boron nitride and its compatibility with epoxy resin,it is often necessary to modify hexagonal boron nitride.Research progress of modified hexagonal boron nitride/epoxy resin composites in terms of thermal conductivity,flame retardancy,corrosion resistance,etc.was reviewed,and the development trend of modified hexagonal boron nitride/epoxy resin composites was prospected.

Silicone materials are widely used in the field of electronics because of their excellent flexibility,chemical resistance,insulation,low viscosity and temperature resistance,but their lower thermal conductivity hinder their own application and development.Therefore,the development of high heat-conducting organic silicon materials is a challenge.This article introduced the thermal conductivity mechanism of organic silicon composite material,types of heat conduction filler,focusing on the methods and means to improve the thermal conductivity of thermal conductivity composite materials at home and abroad,summarized and looked forward to the dilemma and research key directions of high thermal conductivity organic silicon materials,offering insights and references for the further research of high thermal conductivity organic silicon materials.

With the increasing demand for clean energy and renewable energy,research and development of new energy storage materials are imminent.Sodium-ion batteries are expected to be the most promising energy storage component after lithium-ion batteries in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their abundant sodium resources and low cost.Since the preparation methods of sodium-ion battery cathode materials had an important influence on the electrochemical performance of the materials,we briefly introduced several common synthesis methods for sodium-ion battery cathode materials in recent years,mainly including high temperature solid-phase method,hydrothermal method,co-precipitation method,sol-gel method,etc.We reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of different synthesis methods for common sodium-ion battery cathode materials,and analyzed and prospected the future synthesis methods of sodium-ion battery cathode materials.

Study on the materials,preparation techniques,and performance of lithium-ion battery separators can better understand the working principles of lithium-ion battery separators.Firstly,the development status of lithium-ion batteries and the research on their separators were reviewed.Secondly,the research status of separator materials for lithium-ion batteries was introduced in detail,including polymer electrolyte membranes,ceramic electrolyte membranes,and metal electrolyte membranes.Next,the preparation technology of separator was introduced,including coating method,sol-gel method,and in-situ growth.Finally,the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery separators was described,including research on conductivity,compressive strength,and thermal stability.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used in optical sensing,and quantum dots (QDs) also have excellent optical properties,which can be introduced into MOFs to enhance their optical activity.Because MOFs have a larger pore size to accommodate QDs,they can effectively avoid the reduction of optical activity caused by QD aggregation.QD@MOF composite materials combine the advantages of excellent optical properties and specific recognition of QDs and MOFs,enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of composite materials in the field of fluorescence sensors.This paper reviewed three common methods for synthesizing QD@MOF composite materials:ship in bottle method,ship-around-bottle method,and physical mixing method.It also summarized the application of QD@MOF materials for fluorescent sensors in detecting substances such as metal ions,biomolecules,gases,nitro compounds and other substances.Finally,it briefly discussed the current problems and future development directions.

The shortage of freshwater resources has become a prominent problem faced by mankind,but the traditional water treatment technology has the problems of high cost,high energy consumption and low efficiency.Due to the green and sustainable characteristics of solar energy,the application of interfacial solar evaporators composed of aerogel materials for seawater desalination,sewage and wastewater treatment has attracted great attention.In the process of interfacial solar photothermal evaporation for water treatment,the efficiency of water treatment is closely related to the absorption and utilization of solar energy,water transport channel and heat management,especially the absorption and utilization of solar energy.This paper briefly summarized the application and research progress of organic aerogel materials in interfacial solar photothermal evaporation technology,including the types of photothermal materials used in organic aerogel materials and the introduction of the conversion mechanism of the photothermal conversion materials,and focusing on the research and applications of organic aerogel materials loaded with different photothermal materials in interfacial solar photothermal evaporation for water treatment.The development trend of organic aerogel materials in interfacial solar photothermal evaporation for water treatment was also prospected.

As the “reinforcing framework” of composite materials,preforms have an important impact on the performance of composite materials.The needle punching process has gradually become the mainstream technology for the preparation of preforms because of its advantages of simplicity,speed and low cost.In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the research situation on needle punching technology,needle-punched preforms and needle-punched composites.This paper introduced the overview of needle punching technology,discussed the research progress of needle punching process parameters,needle-punched preform types,experimental research and theoretical modeling of needle-punched composites,and analyzed the future development direction of needle punching technology.

New chemical materials refer to materials characterized by novel structures,innovative preparation methods,improved performance metrics,and expanded application domains,developed through chemical research,synthesis,and utilization.As a cornerstone of the national economy,new chemical materials constitute a critical foundation for technological progress.In recent years,China's new chemical materials industry has undergone rapid advancement,particularly in areas such as energy storage materials,photoelectric conversion materials,photocatalytic materials,electronic materials,high-performance resins and fiber materials for advanced composites,as well as functional coatings and adhesives.These materials have played a pivotal role in driving development across multiple sectors,including wind power,photovoltaics,new energy vehicles,aerospace,and semiconductor packaging and testing,thereby fostering the emergence of high-quality productivity.To systematically document and disseminate these advancements,the New Chemical Materials Professional Committee of the CIESC will organize leading experts and scholars to compile an annual report on scientific and technological progress of new chemical materials of the year.This report will be published in the journal New Chemical Materials,providing a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners.

The preparation of composite materials by efficient extraction,treatment and use of natural biomass materials is one of the key research contents in the field of material research and development.Camellia oleifera shell is an accessory product of camellia oleifera fruit,which has a large amount of output every year with the harvest of camellia oleifera fruit,and has potential value as a raw material of biomass composite materials.In this paper,camellia oleifera shell materials were introduced,and the relevant research and application status of camellia oleifera shell in cellulose extraction,direct preparation of wood-plastic composite materials and preparation of biomass carbon composite materials were described in detail,aiming to provide certain guidance for the high-value utilization of abundant camellia oleifera shell materials.

Conventional rigid sensors are severely limited in their applications due to problems such as difficulty in integrating them into flexible electronics and inability to adapt to complex deformation environments.The preparation of flexible sensors based on human perception is one of the effective solutions to these problems.The working mechanisms of piezoresistive,capacitive and piezoelectric flexible pressure sensors were summarized.It focused on the current research status of ionic flexible pressure sensors from the perspective of the ionic active materials used in the sensing layer and microstructural design.Furthermore,it reviewed the applications of ionic flexible pressure sensors in the fields of electronic skin,healthcare and motion detection.

In nature,many organisms show strong antifreeze capacity and can survive in extremely cold environments.Inspired by these biological antifreeze properties,researchers have developed a number of advanced antifreeze hydrogel materials and explored their potential applications in diverse fields such as flexible electronics,flexible energy,and bioscience.Based on the basic mechanism of antifreeze of cold-resistant organisms,two kinds of strategies for synthesis of antifreeze hydrogels to inhibit the formation of ice nuclei and the growth of ice crystals were summarized:one was to introduce organic solvents,acids,zwitterion,salts and other methods to inhibit the formation of ice nucleation;the other was to introduce antifreeze proteins (AFP),construct core-shell nanostructures,and polymer interpenetrating network structures (IPNs) to inhibit ice crystal growth.The advantages and disadvantages of each strategy were briefly introduced,and the relationship between the synthetic strategy and the properties of the obtained hydrogels was discussed.Finally,the future development direction of antifreeze hydrogels was proposed.

In the context of the increasingly depleting fossil fuels and increasingly severe environmental problems,environmental and energy issues have become important focus areas for the future development of human society,and energy storage has emerged as a strategic issue.Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) have the advantages of high specific capacity,low cost,high safety and environmental friendliness,but there are some problems such as dendrite growth,corrosion and passivation,hydrogen evolution reaction,thus limiting the practical application and large-scale commercial development of ZIBs.The development history and energy storage mechanism of ZIBs were briefly introduced,the existing problems and reasons of zinc anodes were summarized,the modification methods of zinc anodes were reviewed,and the future research direction was prospected.

Ceramizable phenolic resin composite is a new type of heat-resistant material composed of phenolic resin matrix,ceramic-forming fillers,fluxing agents,and other additives.This kind of material can form a ceramic layer at high temperature,which plays a role in blocking oxygen and heat,and improving the heat resistance of the material.The article reviewed the main fillers and heat resistance modification of ceramizable phenolic resin composites,and discussed the future prospects of ceramizable phenolic resin composites.

Inverse vulcanization is an effective method for synthesizing high-sulfur polymers using elemental sulfur as the reactant and small molecule unsaturated olefins as cross-linking agents.As a type of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer material,inverse-vulcanized polymers exhibit characteristics that are distinct from carbon-based materials.This article provided a detailed introduction to the features and experimental synthesis of inverse-vulcanized polymers,along with their applications in areas such as lithium-sulfur batteries,heavy metal adsorbents,optics,self-healing materials,antibacterial agents,and oil spill adsorbents.The study also offered a prospective outlook on the future development of inverse-vulcanized polymer materials.

Fiber-reinforced polymer-based composites have been widely used in many industries for their excellent mechanical properties.However,it is difficult to analyze the integrity and durability of fiber-reinforced polymer-based composites due to their own structural characteristics as well as the complexity of the environment and loading conditions they are subjected to.The use of structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques to monitor the structural condition of composites improves the safety and reliability of composite structures and has been widely used in many industries.This paper reviewed the SHM methods and their applications for fiber-reinforced polymer-based composites based on electrical resistance sensing,and gave an outlook on the development of SHM for fiber-reinforced polymer-based composites.

Nanocellulose,a new type of biobased naturally functional nanomaterials,has a broad range of application prospects in composite materials,packaging,pharmaceutical materials,coatings,cosmetics,electronic materials,and so on.However,nanocellulose still faces some major challenges in its preparation process,such as high energy and water consumption,thereby leading to high production cost.Additionally,traditional nanocellulose preparation methods are usually carried out under lower cellulose concentration conditions (less than 5%),which results in low production efficiency per unit volume and high content of water in the final products.This poses significant difficulties and challenges for transportation,storage,and applications,limiting its market promotion and practical application.Therefore,the development of high-consistency preparation techniques of nanocellulose has attracted growing attention,as it may help address issues such as high energy/water consumption,potentially further reducing production and application cost.

As an important industrial fiber,the properties of nylon 66 industrial filament are affected by a number of factors during the production process.The article firstly gave an overview of the characteristics and application scope of nylon 66 fiber,then introduced the molecular structure features,condensed state structure features and properties of nylon 66,and then expounded on the production process and apparatus of nylon 66 industrial filament,including the two processes of continuous polycondensation direct spinning and batch polycondensation solid-state polycondensation spinning.The article emphasized on the key factors affecting the production of nylon 66 industrial filament and action rules,including the molecular weight of nylon 66 polymer,chip moisture content and extractable content,spinning box temperature,spinning component filter material and filter screen,side blowing air cooling process,wetting,oiling process,spinning speed,winding process,drawing process,network degree,spinning environmental conditions,etc.,and provided the optimal range of process parameters.Finally,the article summarized the development prospects and market potential of nylon 66 fiber in China.

The “layer by layer” Janus-PAN nanofiber membrane was prepared by continuous electrospinning.The Janus-PAN nanofiber membrane was composed of hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane as the bottom layer,polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane (PAN/PU) blended nanofiber membrane as the middle layer,and hydrophobically modified SiO₂ nanoparticles as the top layer.The surface morphology,chemical composition,surface wettability and mechanical properties of Janus-PAN nanofiber membranes were analyzed and tested by field emission scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,contact angle measuring instrument and electronic single fiber strength instrument.The oil-water separation and recycling properties of the Janus-PAN nanofiber membrane were investigated.The results showed that Janus-PAN nanofiber membrane had asymmetric wettability and could effectively switch between water-in-oil emulsion and oil-in-water emulsion,and still had high separation efficiency after 8 cycles of separation experiments.In addition,the separation efficiency of petroleum ether in water and engine oil in water emulsion could exceed 99.2% and 99.0%,respectively.The separation efficiency of water in peanut oil and water in paraffin oil emulsion could reach over 97.3% and 98.6%.

SBS-based flexible strain sensors have come into the public's view in recent decades because of their excellent mechanical properties and good sensing performance.The signal sensing mechanism of strain sensors was introduced,the preparation process of SBS-based flexible strain sensors and the sensing mechanism of different carbon nanomaterials were summarized,and the application of composites composed of SBS-based matrix and different carbon nanomaterials was envisioned.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs),with the characteristics of tunable structure and abundant metal active sites,have attracted wide attention of scholars as antibacterial materials.The antibacterial mechanism of MOFs was introduced.The application status of antibacterial MOFs and their composite materials combined with metal nanoparticles,antibiotic,membrane,fiber and gel was summarized.The research direction of antibacterial MOFs was pointed out.

With the widespread popularity of wireless communication equipment and the rapid development of 5G technology,various electronic products bring great convenience to human production and life,but also bring serious electromagnetic pollution.Therefore,the development of materials with highly efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance has become a research hotspot.Fiber-reinforced epoxy-based EMI shielding composites are composites with good EMI shielding properties prepared by dispersing fibers or functional fillers with high electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability in the epoxy resin matrix.Because of its advantages of high strength,low density and good processability,it has broad application prospects in the fields of communication,rail transit and aerospace.This paper reviewed the research and application status of fiber-reinforced epoxy-based composites with excellent EMI shielding performance and provided an outlook on their future development prospects.

With the rapid development of communication technology in civil and military fields,the waste electromagnetic radiation pollution caused by electromagnetic wave has become particularly prominent.In order to solve the negative impact of electromagnetic pollution on the human living environment,it is urgent to find a new kind of absorbing material that is lightweight,has high absorption performance,and possesses a wide absorption frequency band.Traditional single absorbing materials have narrow absorption frequency band and weak absorption performance.However,good impedance matching can be achieved by combining magnetic loss material with dielectric loss material.The basic principle of electromagnetic absorption was described,and the research progress and development prospect of several common new composite absorbing materials at home and abroad were introduced.The synthesis methods,structures,advantages and disadvantages and properties of new materials such as conductive polymer composite absorbing materials,biomass-derived carbon-based composite absorbing materials and magnetic metal composite absorbing materials were summarized,providing a reference for the development of high efficiency wideband absorbing materials with strong absorption performance,wide absorption frequency band,thin thickness and lightweight.

As the complexity of separation systems increases and the requirements for membrane separation performance improve,positively charged membrane separation technology plays an increasingly important role.This paper introduced the preparation method of positively charged membrane,reviewed the application progress of positively charged membrane in textile and dyeing wastewater,magnesium/lithium separation,heavy metal removal and biomedicine,discussed the main problems of positively charged membrane,and briefly prospected the future development direction of positively charged membrane separation technology.With the deepening of the research and the increase of market demand,the positively charged membrane will usher in a greater space for development and play a more important role in solving the shortage of water resources and water environment pollution.

Due to its benefits like low cost,easy availability,environmental friendliness,and good catalytic activity,graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has steadily emerged as a research hotspot in the fields of catalysis and environment.However,pure g-C₃N₄ has the disadvantage of low absorption efficiency for visible light.The solution to this problem is to modify the skeletal structure of g-C₃N₄ by element doping.Specifically focusing on binary and multi-component combinations of elements containing oxygen,phosphorus,boron,and halogen,the research on the combination doping of non-metallic elements over the past few years was systematically summarized in this paper.Additionally,problems in the work on non-metallic element doping were identified,and the prospects for future development were discussed.

Inorganic-reinforced plant fiber polymer composites have become the focus of attention in the field of functional composites due to their advantages of excellent performance,high added value and wide application fields.In this paper,the research status and progress of inorganic-reinforced plant fiber polymer composites such as montmorillonite,mica,oxide,calcium carbonate,talcum powder,graphene,carbon black and carbon nanotubes in flame retardancy,aging resistance,electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding at home and abroad were systematically reviewed.It also proposed the existing problems of inorganic-reinforced composites in functional expansion,inorganic-matrix composite and functional internal mechanism analysis,and the development prospect of functional composites was prospected,aiming to provide a scientific basis for further promoting the research of high value-added functional composites.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as fluorescent nanoprobes for the detection of heavy metal ions have the characteristics of simple operation,low cost,high accuracy and fast response.The fluorescence quenching mechanism of CQDs fluorescent nanoprobes for the detection of heavy metal ions was introduced.The main factors affecting the performance of CQDs fluorescent nanoprobes were summarized.The problems existing in the detection of heavy metal ions by CQDs fluorescent nanoprobes were pointed out.Finally,the future development prospects of CQDs fluorescent nanoprobes were discussed.

Nickel rich ternary cathode material (Li(Ni_1-x-yCo_xMn_y)O₂,x+y≤0.4,denoted as NCM) still faces some issues such as poor structure stability and serious interface side reactions at high-voltage,which limits the application in power lithium-ion batteries.The structure stability and electrochemical performance of nickel rich ternary cathode materials can be significantly improved by various modification techniques,such as ion doping,surface coating,electrolyte optimization and composite modification.This review summarized the modification and optimization methods for enhancing the high-voltage performance of nickel rich ternary cathode materials.It was found that doping elements could inhibit the adverse phase transition and enhance the diffusion of lithium ions.Surface coating could effectively isolate the electrode from the electrolyte and reduce side reactions.Electrolyte optimization could form a stable interface layer and improve cycle performance and capacity retention.In particular,synergistic modification could further prominently improve the overall performance of nickel rich ternary cathode materials at high-voltage.The research on the high-voltage performance of nickel rich ternary cathode materials could provide new theoretical support and basis for their application in high-energy-density power lithium-ion batteries.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer material,but its toughness is inadequate,thereby constraining its potential applications.In order to enhance the mechanical properties of PLA,this study blended PLA with poly (butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (PBST),a polymer with good biodegradability and high flexibility.Additionally,N,N′-ethylenebis(stearamide) (EBS) was incorporated as a compatibilizer to optimize the compatibility between PLA and PBST.The results demonstrated that the introduction of EBS resulted in closer glass transition temperatures of PLA and PBST in the composite film.Furthermore,the dispersed phase size of the island structure in the composite film was reduced,indicating that the compatibility between PLA and PBST was improved.Moreover,after compatibilization modification,the tensile strength and elongation at the break of the composite film increased by 4.67% and 21.29%,respectively,and the water vapor transmission rate decreased by 12.92%.Meanwhile,the hydrophobicity of the composite film was improved.

In this paper,the research progress on the modification of polyamide 6 (PA6) with halogen-free flame retardants was reviewed,mainly including the flame retardancy modification of PA6 by halogen-free organic flame retardants,inorganic flame retardants,and composite flame retardants and their flame retardancy mechanism.This article introduced the synthesis of organic flame retardant molecules,analyzed the effects of flame retardant ratio and content on the flame retardant modification of PA6,and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different flame retardants modifications,which played an important guiding role in the development of halogen-free flame retardant PA6 with excellent comprehensive performance.

Waterborne acrylic resin coatings are a kind of water-based coatings developed rapidly in recent years.Due to their unique characteristics such as excellent light resistance,weather resistance,heat resistance and environmental friendliness without toxicity,they have been widely used in industries such as automobiles,furniture,and construction.Among them,the researches on the preparation of flame retardant coatings using waterborne acrylic resin have shown a rapid growth trend,and have received high attention from scholars in the fields of wood,furniture,architecture,and steel flame retardancy.This paper briefly described the flame retardant mechanism of waterborne acrylic flame retardant coatings,and elaborated on the preparation process from three aspects:raw material ratio,raw material type,and reaction temperature.The application of waterborne acrylic flame retardant coatings was systematically laid out and some suggestions on their research and development direction were put forward.

This paper reviewed the latest research progress in the application of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite foams.The preparation methods,including PDMS foam template method,liquid emulsion method,gas phase foaming method,solvent evaporation-induced phase separation method and 3D printing method,were introduced in detail.In recent years,the preparation of composite foams by adding various types of fillers to PDMS foams has become a hot research topic.The commonly used fillers for composite foams include carbon materials,metal nanomaterials,conductive polymers,transition metal carbides,and so on.In addition,the relevant application achievements of PDMS composite foams in the fields of piezoresistive sensing,electromagnetic shielding,oil-water separation,acoustic absorption and flame retardancy were introduced in detail.

Hydrogen production through electrocatalytic hydrolysis is a promising way to provide cheap clean energy.Due to its excellent electrocatalytic activity,molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) has received extensive attention as a potential HER catalyst.However,the HER performance of MoS₂ needs to be improved to compete with traditional Pt-based catalysts.Recent advances in improving HER performance based on MoS₂ surface/interface engineering were analyzed.Several effective strategies such as phase engineering,defect engineering,and heterostructure construction were summarized to reveal the promotion of HER kinetics by regulating surface electron structure,increasing electrical conductivity,and exposing active sites.

In the face of escalating antibiotic resistance due to widespread usage,the persistent emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens is a formidable threat to human health.Traditional low-molecular-weight antibacterial agents,when used alone,often fall short of achieving desired efficacy,hampered by issues of biocompatibility and stability.The introduction of polymeric antibacterial materials,characterized by diverse synthesis strategies and higher efficiency,offers a promising approach to combatting pathogenic microorganisms.Contrasted with their low-molecular-weight organic or inorganic antibacterial materials,these materials demonstrate commendable biocompatibility,controllable functional attributes,and a more extensive range of structural designs,enabling inhibitory and bactericidal effects through diverse mechanisms.Their widespread adoption is observed in treating drug-resistant bacterial infections,formulating advanced wound dressings,targeted antibacterial interventions,and developing antibacterial coatings.This discourse provided a comprehensive classification and summary of existing polymeric antibacterial materials,considering synthesis strategies and mechanisms of action.It also outlined current challenges in their development and offered a forward-looking perspective on future directions,with the overarching goal of leveraging the intrinsic strengths of polymeric antibacterial materials for broader application.

The dynamic chemical bond-Si-O-B in polyborosiloxane (PBDMS) was used to regulate the impact and compression properties of nylon 11 (PA11).PBDMS/PA11 composites were prepared by adding PBDMS to PA11 with melt blending method.The effects of PBDMS content on the impact,compression properties and morphology structure of the samples were investigated,and the mechanism of PBDMS affecting the performance of PA11 was expounded.The results indicated that the cantilever beam notched impact strength of the composites increased with the increase of PBDMS content,and it reached the maximum value of 9.9kJ/m² when the PBDMS mass fraction was 12%,which was 25% higher than that of pure PA11.The compression permanent deformation rate of the composites decreased with the increase of PBDMS content,and it achieved the lowest value of 6% when the PBDMS mass fraction was 15%,which was 50% lower than that of pure PA11.

Gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and excellent comprehensive performance is a research hotspot in the field of energy storage materials.A hydrogel polymer electrolyte based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) was prepared by a simple freeze-thaw method,and high ionic conductivity was obtained.The effects of hydrogel freezing time,soaking time in the electrolyte,and the types of electrolytes on the ionic conductivity of the hydrogel were systematically explored.The suitable preparation conditions for the physical crosslinking PVA/CS gel electrolyte were obtained.The results showed that the PVA/CS gel had a relatively uniform three-dimensional-hole structure and low crystallinity when the mass ratio of PVA to CS was 1∶2,and the hydrogel was frozen for 5h and thawed for 12h.No infinite swelling and dissolution of the hydrogel occurred.The ionic conductivity of the hydrogel soaked in saturated sodium chloride electrolyte for 6h and 1mol/L H₂SO₄ electrolyte for 4h reached the maximum value of 1.68S/cm and 0.83S/cm,respectively.Additionally,the 5mm-thick hydrogel reached swelling equilibrium after 12h,the volume and mass swelling rates of hydrogel were about 170% and 145%,respectively,and the elongation at break could reach about 200% at room temperature.

N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with yellow-green fluorescence characteristics were prepared by microwave method using calcium citrate and urea.Polystyrene (PS) microspheres were prepared in nitrogen atmosphere,and then triethoxyvinylsilane and N-CQDs were successfully composited on the surface of the PS microspheres to prepare micro-nano structured superhydrophobic CQDs@PS composite microspheres with fluorescence.The structures and morphologies of the N-CQDs and fluorescent CQDs@PS composite microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,ultraviolet spectrometer,scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetric analyzer.The results showed that the N-CQDs prepared by microwave method had a conjugated structure,the fluorescent CQDs@PS microspheres exhibited raspberry-like structure,the contact angle could reach 152°,the hydrophobic effect was good,and the thermal stability was improved.

Ammonia,as one of the most harmful gases emitted and leaked during agricultural production,in excess can lead to ecosystem deterioration and pose significant damage to human health.Adsorption is one of the most common and effective methods for treating ammonia.At present,the development of ammonia adsorption materials and material modification methods is not clear.Although the previous researchers have summarized the ammonia adsorption materials,the new ammonia adsorption materials have been developed rapidly in recent years and need to be supplemented.In this paper,we reviewed the current research status of ammonia adsorption by related materials in recent years,supplemented the research progress of new materials such as carbon nanotubes,graphite,ionic liquids and low eutectic solvents,summarized the adsorption mechanism,development direction and modification strategy of ammonia adsorption materials,and put forward suggestions for the development of ammonia adsorption materials.