The efficient utilization of energy has promoted the development and application of new energy storage devices,with supercpacitors being a primary focus.Vanadium-based bimetallic oxides (M_xV_yO_z,M=Co,Ni,Mn),also known as vanadates,have gained much attention in the field of supercapacitors due to their outstanding electrochemical activity,structural stability,and electrical conductivity,and have become one of the most promising electrode materials.In this paper,several common preparation methods and the research progress of vanadates were reviewed in detail.Additionally,the challenges faced by vanadates and their composites in supercapacitor applications were pointed out.

Solid-state hydrogen storage is one of the most promising hydrogen storage methods.Light metal hydrides such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄),sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH₄) and magnesium hydride (MgH₂) have the advantages of high capacity and low cost,which are the focus of research on solid hydrogen storage materials.However,high hydrogen absorption/desorption temperatures and slow kinetic properties hinder their practical application.Doping catalysts can effectively reduce the kinetic energy barriers of light metal hydrides such as LiAlH₄,NaAlH₄ and MgH₂,which is an effective way to improve the hydrogen absorption/desorption performance.This paper reviewed the research progress in the basic properties,hydrogen storage principles,doping modification,and catalytic mechanisms of light metal hydrides LiAlH₄,NaAlH₄,and MgH₂,and also presented an outlook on the future research directions of light metal hydrides.

This paper discussed the specific impact of different crosslinking systems on the performance of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials,with a focus on their regulatory effects on resistivity,PTC intensity,and negative temperature coefficient (NTC).The study showed that appropriate crosslinking treatment could optimize the microstructure of composite materials,construct a stable conductive network,thereby enhancing PTC performance and significantly reducing or eliminating the NTC effect.In a single crosslinking system,radiation crosslinking effectively suppressed the migration of conductive fillers at high temperatures by forming a three-dimensional crosslinked network,enhancing the thermo-mechanical stability of the material.Chemical crosslinking further improved the dispersibility and compatibility of conductive fillers through matrix modification and matrix-filler bridging.The dual crosslinking system combined the advantages of radiation and chemical crosslinking and exhibited greater potential,which not only significantly enhanced PTC intensity but also effectively improved the stability of materials.

Hydrogen energy,as a clean and efficient form of energy,is one of the key points to address global warming and the energy crisis.However,the high-density storage of hydrogen is a bottleneck restricting its development and application due to the light weight,small atomic radius and poor stability of hydrogen.Magnesium hydride (MgH₂) is considered as one of the most promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials due to its high hydrogen storage capacity (7.6wt.%,110kg H₂/m³),low cost,and high safety.While its slow kinetics and high thermodynamic stability hinder its practical application.Nanomodification can increase the specific surface area and grain boundary density of MgH₂,thereby improving the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics and thermodynamic properties.Significant progress has been made in enhancing the hydrogen storage performance of MgH₂ through nanomodification.In this paper,the preparation methods,hydrogen storage performance and modification mechanisms of nanostructured MgH₂ were summarized,and provided an outlook on the future development and challenges of nanostructured MgH₂ hydrogen storage materials.

Polyimide (PI) is a polymer formed by a polycondensation reaction of dianhydride and diamine monomer,and contains an imide ring in its main chain.Because of its unique thermal stability,high temperature resistance,mechanical properties and easy film formation,it has been widely used in aerospace,power electronics and other fields.The preparation technology of polyimide and its films was reviewed,including three types:planar film,developable curved surface film and non-developable curved surface film.At the same time,the development of polyimide films in the field of conformal circuits was prospected,and the importance of polyimide non-developable curved surface films in the field of military aerospace in the future was emphasized.

For the dark-colored,multi-colored and complex background object,the extraction of latent handprints on its surface has always been a difficult point in the detection of crime cases,and through the use of inspection materials with photoluminescent properties,problems caused by the interference of the object background can be effectively alleviated.This paper firstly introduced the application of suspensions formulated with fluorescent dyes to reveal fingerprints based on the low toxicity and wide adaptability of objects of suspension technology,and then focused on the effect of suspensions formulated with fluorescent dye-coated surface-modified nanoparticles,quantum-dot nanoparticles,carbon dot nanoparticles,and rare-earth luminescent nanoparticles on different types and surface states of objects,based on the excellent adsorption,fluorescent intensity,and modifiability of the fluorescent nanoparticles.Different kinds of objects with different surface states were highlighted,and potential nanomaterials that could be applied to the future particle suspension technology were also listed.Finally,based on the current status of fluorescent particulate suspensions for the visualization of fingerprints,we proposed an outlook.

Antibacterial materials are essential for preventing infections,curbing disease transmission,mitigating antibiotic resistance,and ensuring the safety of medical environments.They also play a critical role in promoting public health,maintaining environmental cleanliness,and safeguarding the medical and food industries.However,existing antibacterial materials face challenges such as environmental adaptability,bacterial resistance,cost,and the sustainability of antibacterial efficacy.This underscores the need for ongoing innovation in the development of advanced antibacterial materials.Rare earth composite antibacterial materials stand out with distinct advantages over conventional agents,including high efficiency,broad-spectrum activity,long-lasting performance,safety,and environmental friendliness.This review provided a comprehensive overview of the research progress and emerging trends in rare earth antibacterial materials,discussed their antibacterial mechanisms,and highlighted their applications in healthcare,food processing,and environmental protection.

Antibiotic residues have become the main pollutants in food and environment,causing serious risks to human health.Molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor provides a more rapid,sensitive,simple and low-cost method for the detection of antibiotic residues.Molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensors has different design modes,including single emission,multi-emission ratio,and sensor arrays.Molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensors are more efficient than traditional analytical techniques and can be used for antibiotic detection in complex substrates.In this paper,the combination design of molecularly imprinted polymers and fluorescent materials,the fluorescence mechanism and the application of different types of molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensors to the detection of antibiotics were reviewed.The future research on the detection of antibiotics by molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensors was prospected,providing references for the workers engaged in related research.

TiO₂ has the advantages of high photocatalytic activity,non-toxicity,good stability,low cost and reusability.It has great application prospect in wastewater treatment,CO₂ reduction,photocatalytic hydrogen production and antibacterial aspect.However,the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ is limited by its own structure,so it needs to be modified.The photocatalytic mechanism and limiting factors of TiO₂ were briefly introduced,followed by a summary of the methods for doping and modifying TiO₂.Finally,the prospects for improving the photocatalytic efficiency of modified TiO₂ and its application in industrial production were discussed.

Membrane separation technology has become increasingly prevalent in water treatment,demonstrating particular effectiveness in virus removal.This review examined the current state of membrane technology in eliminating viruses from water,highlighting the mechanisms involved and the key factors influencing its efficacy.Critical membrane properties such as pore size,surface charge,and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity were discussed for their impact on virus removal.Additionally,the paper suggested enhancement measures tailored to various membrane processes.In summary,membrane filtration technology showed significant potential in virus removal.However,future research should focus on improving its adaptability to different water qualities and virus characteristics,as well as on refining membrane processes for better performance.

Graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄),as one of the most promising photocatalysts,has been widely used in photocatalytic hydrogen generation,CO₂ reduction,pollutant degradation in water and volatile organic compound removal.However,how to accelerate the charge transfer and improve the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs are still problems that need to be solved urgently.2D g-C₃N₄ nanosheets can be modified by the other 2D materials to inhibit charge-carrier recombination and improve its separation efficiency by constructing 2D/2D heterojunction.This paper reviewed the preparation methods,action mechanism and applications of Ti₃C₂/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and organic pollutant degradation.

Photocatalytic technology can cleanly and effectively convert solar energy,which is one of the ideal ways to solve energy crises and environmental pollution.Developing high-performance photocatalytic materials has become a research focus in this field.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have excellent properties such as large specific surface area,high porosity,adjustable pore size,and high conductivity.After simple thermal treatment,carbon-based composite materials can be formed derived from MOFs,which have attracted extensive attention in the field of photocatalytic applications.The article reviewed the research progress on MOFs-derived photocatalysts obtained through thermal treatment and their applications,and their future research directions were also prospected.

Compared to binary composite materials,graphene/BiOX-based ternary composites exhibit a broader visible light response range,more efficient carrier mobility,and superior photocatalytic activity.The preparation methods of graphene/BiOX/carbon materials,graphene/BiOX/metal sulfides,graphene/BiOX/magnetic materials,and graphene/BiOX/silver-based semiconductor composites were reviewed.Furthermore,the applications of these composites for degradation of organic pollutant,photocatalytic hydrogen generation,reduction of heavy metal ions were described,and the future development and practical application direction of graphene/BiOX-based ternary composites were prospected.

Polyaniline (PANI) is a π-bonded conjugated conducting polymer with unique electrochemical properties and its composite with p-type metal-oxide semiconductors (MOSs) can reduce the operating temperature of MOSs-based gas sensors and achieve low energy consumption of sensor devices.A two-step hydrothermal-in-situ polymerization method was used to construct Co₃O₄/PANI composite materials,and the detection of low concentration of triethylamine (TEA) at room temperature was achieved by the strategy of promoting the charge transfer at the complex-coupled interface and increasing the active sites.The results showed that the sensitivity of Co₃O₄/PANI with a molar ratio of Co₃O₄ to aniline monomer of 5∶6 for 100mg/L TEA at room temperature (25℃) was 9.36,and the operating temperature was reduced by 148℃ compared with that of Co₃O₄ (no response at room temperature and optimal operating temperature was 173℃).The improvement of gas sensing performance of Co₃O₄/PANI was originated from the coupling interface of the two phases.The effective enhancement of the charge transfer characteristics and the introduction of nitrogen increased the oxygen vacancy concentration,providing new ideas for the development of room-temperature gas sensors.

A silicon-based microcavity sample was successfully fabricated by laser etching technology to etch single crystalline silicon for 4 seconds under specific laser parameters (laser energy of 250mJ,repetition frequency of 1Hz,pulse width of 30ns,and spot diameter of 150μm).Subsequently,a pulsed laser deposition experiment was conducted on the sample using an excimer epitaxy apparatus.In a vacuum environment,ytterbium target material was deposited,forming a layer of Yb³⁺ film on the surface of the microcavity.Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that characteristic peaks appeared at 694nm and 580nm,which might be related to the luminescence of Si-Yb bonds.The Yb-doped microcavity sample was then subjected to annealing treatment in a high-temperature tube furnace at 1000℃.The annealed samples were examined by Raman spectroscopy,and a silicon-oxygen characteristic peak at 630nm was found,which corresponded to the localized state luminescence of Si—O—Si bridge bonds,accompanied by the characteristic luminescence of Si-Yb bonds at 580nm.

The abundance of silicon reserves,low discharge voltage and high theoretical specific capacity make it a strong contender for the new generation of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.However,silicon anode is highly susceptible to pulverisation during the process of lithium ion embedding and detachment,leading to rapid capacity degradation.Flexible self-supported nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/silicon (N-rGO@Si) composites were prepared via an electrostatic self-assembly method by modulating the ratio of silicon to graphene oxide.The silicon nanoparticles were encapsulated by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) lamellae simultaneously doped with nitrogen as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Compared with the pure silicon electrode,the electrochemical performance of the flexible self-supported composite electrode was significantly improved,among which N-rGO@Si-2 performed the best,and the reversible specific capacity remained 1090.92mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 100mA/g.This was attributed to the carbon coating and nitrogen doping,which improved the electrical conductivity of the composite material,and the thin film-type graphene constrained the volume change of silicon nanoparticles,maintained the structural and interfacial stability,and provided effective protection for the interface,resulting in excellent lithium storage performance.

In order to analyze the effects of various temperature modifiers on the phase change temperatures and the latent heat values of the phase change of CaCl₂·6H₂O-SrCl₂·6H₂O composite phase change materials,CaCl₂·6H₂O-SrCl₂·6H₂O was used as the phase change substrate,and urea,ammonium chloride,ethylene glycol,glycerol,propanetriol,sodium chloride,and potassium chloride were employed as the phase change temperature regulators.The experimental results indicated that ethylene glycol and propanetriol could significantly regulate the phase change temperature of the composite phase change materials,with less subcooling and relatively higher latent heat values,followed by urea and ammonium chloride,while sodium chloride and potassium chloride had poor temperature adjustment,increasing the degree of subcooling of the composite phase change materials and negatively affecting the heat storage capacity of the composite phase change materials.

To address the challenge of oil-in-water emulsion separation,the cellulose acetate (CA) membrane was modified using a straightforward and practical co-deposition technique,where gallic acid (GA),polyethyleneimine (PEI),and copper ions were co-deposited on the surface of the CA membrane to prepare a novel superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic CuSO₄@GA@PEI@CA composite membrane.The morphology and chemical composition of the composite membrane were characterized by SEM,EDS,FT-IR,and XPS.The results showed that by increasing the surface roughness and surface energy,the CuSO₄@GA@PEI@CA composite membrane exhibited excellent hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobic properties,and its water contact angle and underwater oil contact angle were 26.7° and 162.1°,respectively.In addition,six oil-in-water emulsions were successfully separated by the composite membrane,and the flux remained between 478.18 and 577.73L/(m²·h).The composite membrane also had good recycling performance,and its permeation flux remained above 91% after 10 separation cycles.

Fireproof silicone rubber was prepared by using methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ),methyl phenyl silicone rubber (PVMQ) and fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ) as the raw rubbers,and the effects of the side groups of VMQ,PVMQ and FVMQ on the flame retardancy of fireproof silicone rubber were investigated.The results showed that PVMQ fireproof silicone rubber had the best fireproof performance when the fireproof filler system was the same.At a thickness of 1mm,the PVMQ fireproof silicone rubber withstood flame ablation of 1050～1100℃ for 15 minutes without burning through.On the fire-facing side,it formed a continuous ceramic fireproof layer with a volume expansion ratio of 1.24,the vertical combustion level reached FV-0,while the vertical combustion rating of VMQ and FVMQ fireproof silicone rubber only achieved FV-1,and the flame surface failed to form a ceramic fireproof protection layer in the same conditions.PVMQ fireproof silicone rubber had excellent high and low temperature performance,with a compression cold resistance coefficient greater than 0.4 at -70℃ and an aging performance decay less than 30% at 200℃.The thermal decomposition temperature was higher than that VMQ and FVMQ fireproof silicone rubbers.Among the three side group structures,the side groups of PVMQ significantly enhanced the fire resistance of silicone rubber.

Solar interfacial evaporation is one of the most promising technologies to alleviate water shortage by using sustainable solar energy.In order to solve the problems of complicated technology,high material cost and high energy consumption of previous solar evaporators,in this study,carbonized corncob with hierarchical porous structure,excellent light absorption and super-hydrophilic performance was used as raw material,and the surface of the carbonized corncob was coated with tetracarboxyphenylporphyin (TCPP),which could further improve the light absorption performance,resulting in the formation of a C/TCPP monolithic material with strong photothermal conversion effect.The C/TCPP material exhibited strong light absorption in the range of 200nm to 2500nm.Using C/TCPP as a solar interfacial evaporator,the evaporation rate was 5.83kg/(m²·h) under the illumination intensity of one sun(1kW/m²),which achieved rapid seawater evaporation.

Nitrogen plasma was used to modify the surface of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration (PVDF) membranes,and acrylic acid (AA) was grafted via gas-phase grafting,followed by the loading of Cu₂O photocatalytic nanoparticles to improve the membrane's anti-pollution performance and self-cleaning capability.The results showed that the optimal conditions for the nitrogen plasma treatment were 150 seconds of modification time,35Pa of pressure,80W of RF power,and 40 cm from the discharge center.The contact angle was reduced to 65.98° after grafting acrylic acid and provided a carrier for loading Cu₂O.Both ATR-FT-IR and SEM indicated that Cu₂O was successfully loaded on the surface of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes.After loading Cu₂O,the pure water flux and BSA flux of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes (composite membranes) were enhanced,the retention rate was increased from 59% to 85%,and the contamination rate was reduced from 68% to 49.8%.After 30min of light exposure,the pure water flux recovery rate of the composite membrane was 86.19%,which was much higher than that of the original membrane (19.82%),with self-cleaning performance.

Biaxial orientated polypropylene (BOPP) film is widely used in the field of flexible packaging materials.Because BOPP film is a non-polar lipophilic polymer material,it usually leads to poor printing performance of waterborne ink on its surface.The hydroxyl group was modified on the surface of BOPP film by corona treatment,and polyacrylic acid (PAA) was grafted on the surface of the corona-treated BOPP film.The SiO₂@TiO₂ nanocoatings were firmly attached to the surface of the BOPP/PAA grafted film through hydrogen bonding.In this way,the BOPP/SiO₂@TiO₂ nanocomposite film with high light transmittance and excellent printing performance was successfully prepared.Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the nanocomposite film.Further,the effects of diluted and undiluted waterborne inks on the printing quality of the BOPP/SiO₂@TiO₂ nanocomposite film were studied by roller coating and screen printing processes.The results showed that the prepared SiO₂@TiO₂ nanocoatings could be uniformly and firmly attached to the BOPP/PAA grafted films,and the light transmittance of the nanocomposite film with the molar ratio of Si to Ti of 1∶1 exceeded 90%.Compared with other BOPP films,the printing accuracy and adhesion properties of the waterborne inks on the nanocomposite film were significantly improved.

The rapid development of new energy vehicles and mobile communications requires flexible and efficient low-voltage electrothermal materials.Whisker carbon nanotubes (w-CNTs)/multi walled carbon nanotube T3 composite films (referred to as w-CNTs/T3) and multi walled carbon nanotube T1/T3 composite film (referred to as T1/T3) were prepared by vacuum filtration method,and the thickness of both composite films was controlled at 100μm.The morphology,structure,and mechanical properties of two types of composite films were characterized and tested using scanning electron microscopy,laser Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and universal mechanical material testing instrument.The influence of w-CNTs on the structure and properties of the composite films,especially their electrothermal properties,was studied.The results showed that the w-CNTs/T3 composite film had a loose and porous structure,and its mechanical properties were lower than those of the T1/T3 composite film.w-CNTs had few structural defects,high crystallinity,and exhibited an almost perfect graphene structure.The w-CNTs/T3 composite film had excellent conductivity and electrothermal properties,with a conductivity of 42.87S/cm.When subjected to an applied voltage of 6V,its surface temperature could reach up to 318℃,and its electromagnetic shielding performance reached 43.27dB,which was superior to that of the T1/T3 composite film.The introduction of low aspect ratio w-CNTs could not only reduce costs,but also achieve better conductivity,electrothermal and electromagnetic shielding properties,providing experimental and theoretical support for the preparation of low-voltage and high-efficiency electrothermal materials.

Using high-performance carbon nanotube (CNT) film as the skeleton,epoxy resin (EP) was sprayed into the pores of the CNT film by ultrasonic atomizing nozzle to realize the integration of the forming of the composite material.The structural integrity of CNT film was well preserved during the composite process,which addressed the dispersion challenges of CNT commonly encountered with other methods to a certain extent.The simple and effective process was also more conducive to the realization of large-scale preparation of composite materials.By optimizing the resin content and using a pre-stretching method to improve the CNT orientation in the composites,a high-performance composite film with high orientation,high density,and uniform properties was successfully prepared,with a tensile strength of 1.9GPa and a toughness of 47.7J·cm^-3.It is suggested that such a high performance composite material is potential for applications in many fields.

Using High density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix and camellia oleifera shell (COS) as reinforcement material,COS/HDPE composites were prepared by extrusion and injection molding process.The microstructure of the composites was studied,and the influence of COS content on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites was investigated.The results showed that the flexural property and thermal stability of the composites were improved with the increase of COS content.The composite had the maximum flexural strength and modulus and the best thermal stability when the COS content reached 40%.At the same time,TG analysis indicated that the addition of COS could slightly prevent the pyrolysis of the composites at high temperature.

Commercially available coal-based activated carbon (AC) was used as raw material for nitrogen doping/nitric acid two-step modification,and the surface properties and electrochemical properties of AC before and after modification were investigated by means of SEM,FT-IR,BET,and electrochemical analyses.The adsorption mechanism was investigated by electrosorption experiments and adsorption kinetic modeling.It was found that the H-AC,AC modified first by urea and then by nitric acid,exhibited a larger specific surface area and a richer pore structure in terms of surface morphology.The electrochemical properties of the modified H-AC showed a significant increase in specific capacitance,a noticeable decrease in internal resistance,and a substantial increase in hydrophilicity,demonstrating a remarkable potential for the preparation of electrodes.Under the optimal conditions,the surface area of H-AC was 856.073m³/g,the specific surface area of H-AC was 856.073m²/g,the pore volume was 0.648cm³,and the specific capacitance of the fabricated electrode was 370.41F/g.The removal rate of Cu²⁺ ions of the electrode reached 74.56% at an initial concentration of Cu²⁺ of 80mg/L,an operating voltage of 1.5V,and a plate spacing of 6mm.

Binary composite phase change materials were prepared by melt blending method using paraffin wax (PW) and lauric acid (LA) as raw materials.The effects of different ratios on the properties of the PW/LA binary composite phase change materials were investigated using the step-cooling method,and the eutectic point of the composite phase change materials was determined to be the low eutectic temperature of 34.2℃ when the mass ratio of PW and LA in the PW/LA eutectic system was 2.8∶7.2.Expanded vermiculite (EVM) was used as the shaped material,and PW/LA was used as the phase change material to prepare the shaped composite phase change material.The results showed that the optimum conditions for the preparation of the shaped composite phase change material were stirring temperature of 66℃,stirring time of 80min,and phase change material content of 55%.The melting temperature and solidification temperature were 34.75℃ and 30.22℃,respectively,and the latent heat of phase change was 120.6J/g.FT-IR spectroscopy test confirmed that no chemical reaction occurred in EVM-PW/LA.Thermogravimetric test indicated that the weight loss range of EVM-PW/LA was between 210.1℃ and 280.2℃,with good thermal stability.This shaped phase change material has a wide range of utilization value in low-temperature fields such as garments.

This paper discussed the preparation of ultrathin two-dimensional BiOIO₃ material through liquid phase ultrasonic exfoliation and the interface modification between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer by the ultrathin BiOIO₃.That ultrathin BiOIO₃ created unique self-induced electric fields due to uneven charge centers within its lattice.This self-induced electric field,positioned between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer,facilitated electron discharge and reduced electron accumulation,achieving field-effect passivation.Additionally,the high density of negatively charged oxygen atoms in BiOIO₃ interacted with uncoordinated Pb²⁺ ions on the perovskite film surface to form Pb-O bonds,effectively passivating the Pb²⁺ defects.Ultimately,the combined effect of field-effect passivation and chemical passivation led to a significant increase of open-circuit voltage V_OC,increasing the power conversion efficiency from 20.54% to 22.12%.

A series of YPO₄∶Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ up-conversion phosphors were prepared via coprecipitation method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as dispersant to prepare precursors,and then heat-treated.The results of XRD indicated that all of the samples were tetragonal YPO₄ phase.PEG had an effect on the grain size of the samples.The results of SEM showed that the addition of PEG improved the dispersion and uniformity of the particles.The infrared spectra analysis revealed that PEG addition had no obvious effect on the structure of phosphors.The up-conversion emission spectra of YPO₄∶Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ phosphors under 980nm infrared excitation exhibited characteristic green and red emission from Er³⁺ ions.The intensity and the intensity ratios of red to green emission of the samples were related to grain size and grain surface morphology.The possible up-conversion luminescence processes were discussed,and the color coordinates of the samples were calculated.

The unique properties of two-dimensional magnetic materials,such as carrier mobility,mechanical strength,and thermal conductivity,make them highly promising for a wide range of applications.The sodium storage behavior of CrN monolayer was theoretically investigated using density functional theory from an electrochemical perspective,and the correlation between magnetic properties and sodium content was explored.The results indicated that the maximum adsorption energy of CrN monolayer for sodium ion was -0.78eV,and the diffusion barrier for sodium ion at this site was approximately 0.45eV.At a low open-circuit voltage of 0.38V,the stable accommodation of four sodium atoms yielded a theoretical capacity of 406mAh/g.The embedding of sodium ions leaded to a gradual weakening of the Curie temperature and exchange interaction in the CrN monolayer,while not affecting its ferromagnetic configuration.

A sodium alginate modified graphene double network hydrogel beads (CG) were prepared by ionic crosslinking and in-situ reduction assembly.The structure and morphology of the sample were characterized by infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy,and the adsorption performance of the beads toward crystal violet dye was investigated.The results showed that there was a strong hydrogen bonding interaction between graphite oxide and alginate,forming a graphene lamellar 3D network and calcium alginate double network structure hydrogel beads,and the gel beads had good mechanical properties,exhibited different swelling behavior in pH=1.2 and pH=7.4 solutions,and showed pH intelligent responsiveness.The graphene gel beads showed a porous structure internally and exhibited high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate for crystal violet dye,with the maximum adsorption capacity of 363.6mg/g.The regeneration and reuse of hydrogel beads were realized by taking advantage of the different adsorption properties in different pH solutions.,and the removal rate was still maintained at about 90% after five times of reuse.The adsorption isotherm model was consistent with the Langmuir model,and the Freundlich model indicated that the adsorption process was favorable,and the adsorption kinetics conformed the pseudo second-order kinetic model.

Flexible bifunctional compounds are easy to form cyclic structures with cyclophosphazene,which prevents the formation of an effective crosslinked network.As a result,thermoreversible polyimine materials constructed from CP-3AP and m-xylylenediamine (MxDA),hexamethylenediamine (HDA) could dissolve in tetrahydrofuran (THF).The formation of the cyclic structures could be impeded by increasing the steric hindrance of non-crosslinked groups of CP-3AP,which enabled the aldehyde groups of cyclophosphazene to form insoluble reversible crosslinked networks with different amino compounds.Meanwhile,the effect of steric hindrance on crosslinking degree was explored.

Pores are one of the main defects of composite materials.The research on the pore evolution during the molding process plays a positive role in the low porosity molding of T800/802 bismaleimide resin carbon fiber composite parts.In this paper,SEM was used to characterize the cross-sectional morphology of uncured prepreg.An in-situ monitoring platform was built independently to observe the formation and growth of bubbles at different times during the heating process of 802 bismaleimide resin at a constant temperature of 145℃.The breakpoint of laminate molding experiment was designed,and the metallographic characterization method was used to count the porosity at five different time points.The results showed that the initial porosity of the prepreg before molding was 7.81%,during the molding process,the resin reacted to generate gas,and the gas nucleated to form pores and grow up.Under the joint action of pressure and resin state,the pores undergo formation-growth-shrinkage-stabilization.During the process,the porosity,pore number and size all increased first and then decreased.

BiOCl/ZnO composites were prepared through the combination of hydrothermal method and hydrolysis method,and the morphology and their structure were characterized.Taking methyl orange (MO) as the degradation target,the influence of the factors such as the mass ratio of BiOCl and ZnO,the quality of photocatalyst,the initial concentration and pH of MO solution on the photocatalytic performance of BiOCl/ZnO were investigated,and the photocatalytic mechanism as well as the catalytic kinetic process of MO degraded by BiOCl/ZnO were initially explored.It was found that the flaky BiOCl/ZnO was synthesized when the mass ratio of BiOCl to ZnO was 53.In the presence of ultraviolet light for 1.5h,the degradation rate of 100 mL 25mg/L MO at pH=10.8 degraded by 0.1g as-prepared BiOCl/ZnO reached up to 96.61%.The process of the photocatalytic degradation of MO degraded by BiOCl/ZnO confirmed to the first-order kinetic process,and ·O^2- played a major role in the process.

Nano ZnO has been widely studied due to its advantages of wide source,cheapness and non-toxicity,but its narrow visible light response range,wide forbidden band width and faster photogenerated electron-hole complexation have become the bottlenecks for the practical application of nano ZnO.Iron and nickel co-doped ZnO composite hotocatalysts Fe_0.02/Ni_x-ZnO were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis,and the phase structure,micro-morphology,elemental valence,optical properties and electrochemical properties of the composite photocatalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,UV-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy,photoluminescence spectrometry and electrochemical AC impedance,and the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts towards rhodamine B was investigated.The results showed that the forbidden band width of the Fe_0.02/Ni_0.1-ZnO composite photocatalyst was significantly reduced and the degradation rate for RhB was optimal when the Fe³⁺ doping was 2wt.% and the Ni²⁺ doping was 10wt.% (both mass fractions).Free radical trapping and electron spin resonance spectroscopy analyses confirmed that holes were the main active species for photodegradation of RhB.

A magnetic graphene-zinc oxide nanorod arrays (RGO-MFe₂O₄-ZnO NRAs) with hedgehog-like morphology were prepared by a simple low-temperature wet chemical method.The prepared materials were characterized by XRD,TEM,SEM and fluorescence spectroscopy,and rhodamine B degradation experiments were performed.The results showed that the nanocomposites consisted of ZnO NRAs with hedgehog shape grown vertically on the surface of magnetic graphene nanosheets (RGO-MFe₂O₄,M=Mn²⁺,Zn²⁺,Co²⁺,Ni²⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺,Cu²⁺).Various catalysts were synthesized to degrade rhodamine B.The results indicated that the photocatalytic effect of the RGO-ZnFe₂O₄-ZnO NRAs was significantly better than that of the other six composites,which exhibited a good photocatalytic efficiency of about 90% despite five reuses,and had good magnetic properties due to the fact that they could be recovered by separating them from the external magnet,demonstrating good reusability.In addition,this paper also proposed the enhancement mechanism of photocatalytic performance based on synergistic effect and photosensitive effect under visible light irradiation,providing references to promote the application of graphene-modified semiconductor nanocomposites in various fields.

Coal gangue is rich in SiO₂ and Al₂O₃,which can be used as a cheap raw material for preparing zeolite molecular sieves.Taking a typical coal gangue from the Fugu area in Shaanxi Province as the research object,after crushing and screening and high-temperature calcination to remove impurities,coal gangue-based zeolite molecular sieves were prepared by alkali melting-hydrothermal method at 80℃,90℃,and 100℃ conditions.The crystal structure,composition,microscopic morphology,and specific surface area of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction instrument,scanning electron microscope,fully automatic specific surface area and pore analyzer,and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The zeolite molecular sieve prepared at 90℃ hydrothermal temperature was used to adsorb Cu²⁺ in wastewater,and the effects of zeolite molecular sieve dosage,solution pH,adsorption temperature,and adsorption time on the adsorption efficiency for Cu²⁺ were investigated.The results showed that the product had better morphology and higher crystallinity at 90℃ hydrothermal temperature,with a specific surface area of 66.27m²/g.When the zeolite molecular sieve dosage was 0.35g,the solution pH=6,the adsorption temperature was 45℃,and the adsorption time was 55min,the adsorption efficiency for Cu²⁺ was optimal.

This article utilized negatively charged graphene oxide prepared by ultrasonic peeling with positively charged zinc metal ions in water-ethanol mixed medium to combine ZnO nanoparticles with graphene oxide (GO) through electrostatic self-assembly to obtain ZnO/GO composites catalyst.Using hydrothermal method to load Fe₂O₃ into ZnO/GO composite catalyst,an all-solid Z-Scheme photocatalyst Fe₂O₃/RGO/ZnO was obtained.Methylene orange was used to test the photocatalytic performance of the material,and the results showed that Fe₂O₃/RGO/ZnO had the best photocatalytic performance.

With the yearly increase in road mileage,the demand for road maintenance is growing greatly.Road ultra-thin wearing course technology can improve various properties of the original pavement,improve the early road surface damage,and has a good application effect in road preventive maintenance.Based on the research results of road ultra-thin wearing course technology at home and abroad,this paper elaborated on the profile of binder,mineral,additives,and adhesive materials used in ultra-thin wearing course,and analyzed the factors affecting the anti-skid performance,anti-cracking performance and inter-layer adhesive performance of ultra-thin wearing course.The research progress on the performance evaluation methods and indexes was reviewed.Subsequently,two kinds of functional ultra-thin wearing courses with a broader application prospects were introduced.Finally,the research progress of ultra-thin wearing course materials for roads was summarized,and some problems existed in the current research were discussed,providing a reference for the future development direction of this technology.

Graphene-reinforced carbon fiber composite laminates were prepared using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding technology,and the effects of different mass fractions of graphene on damping properties of carbon fiber composite laminates were studied.The inherent properties of graphene carbon fiber composite laminates were tested by hammering method,and vibration response was tested by vibration exciter.The inherent properties of graphene carbon fiber composite laminates were solved by finite element method and compared with the experimental results.A dynamic thermomechanical analyzer was used to evaluate the graphene carbon fiber composite laminates at different scanning modes (temperatures).The results showed that when the mass fraction of graphene was in the range of 0% to 0.1%,the damping performance of graphene carbon fiber composite laminates with mass fraction of 0.1% was the best.

When subjected to impacts perpendicular to the fiber direction,carbon fiber composite materials tend to undergo brittle fracture,resulting in compromised structural integrity and potential safety hazards.To enhance the structural integrity of carbon fiber laminates after low-velocity impacts,this study investigated the low-velocity impact performance of hybrid laminates consisting of carbon fiber/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (CF/UHMWPE) with varying interlayer blending ratios.Four laminates with equal thickness but different blending ratios were prepared using a (0°/90°)_n stacking sequence,and their low-velocity impact performance and post-impact failure morphology were thoroughly analyzed.The research findings revealed that the low-velocity impact performance of laminated panels initially improved and then declined as the mixing ratio of UHMWPE fibers increased.Optimal structural integrity and impact performance were achieved when the interlayer mixing ratio of UHMWPE fibers in CF/UHMWPE laminate reached 11%,resulting in drop weight impact load of 3197N,energy absorption of 25.47J,and post-impact compression strength (CAI) of 135MPa.Compared to pure carbon fiber laminate,these values represented improvements of 10.6%,15.6%,and 9.7%,respectively.The post-impact failure morphology indicated that incorporating an appropriate amount of UHMWPE fiber interlayers into carbon fiber laminate could effectively delay fiber brittle fracture,inhibit crack generation and propagation,thereby substantially enhancing their impact resistance and post-impact structural integrity.

Using FeOOH/SBC as the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) filler material,the removal efficiency of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) in aquifers was investigated based on a PRB simulation device.Experimental results showed that as CTC migrated through the aquifer,its concentration in the vadose zone soil decreased from 12.57mg/kg to 4.82mg/kg.The pH of the water samples remained relatively stable,while the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) fluctuated,and the dissolved oxygen (DO) initially increased and then tended to be stabilized.Without the addition of persulfate,the CTC removal efficiency reached 79%.When 2mmol/L of persulfate was added,the removal efficiency increased to 84%.These findings can provide theoretical insights for PRB research on groundwater contaminated with CTC.

With the promulgation of the “General Code for Waterproofing of Buildings and Municipal Engineering”,the durability of waterproof materials has attracted more and more attention.As a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) waterproof sheet widely used in roofing,its durability research is a hot topic in the industry.Through thermal-oxygen aging with temperature gradient,long-term durability research was conducted on two typical TPO waterproof sheets.Macroscopic and microscopic characterization methods were used to analyze the performance changes of the materials after aging from multiple angles,and the key performance deterioration law of TPO waterproof sheets was obtained.According to the failure criteria,enhanced TPO exhibited functional failure after 63 weeks of thermal aging at 135℃.Homogeneous TPO had no functional failure up to 70 weeks,but its mechanical properties deteriorated seriously.The reliability of the coil material should be evaluated for service environments under severe stress conditions.Additionally,both types of TPO exhibited a certain degree of yellowing.For buildings with strict appearance requirements,it is necessary to consider whether the degree of yellowing is acceptable.

The long-term stable acquisition of electrophysiological signals contributes significantly to early disease diagnosis,rehabilitation,and various physiological cognition studies in humans.The quality of collected electrophysiological signals depends on the electrodes in contact with the skin.Conductive hydrogels,due to their low Young's modulus resembling biological tissues,adjustable mechanical properties,and high biocompatibility,have been widely applied in non-invasive physiological signal collection electrodes.This review summarized recent progress in enhancing the conductivity,mechanical properties,adhesion,moisturizing,and self-healing capabilities of conductive hydrogels.Additionally,it introduced their applications in non-invasive physiological signal collection electrodes for electrocardiography (ECG),electromyography (EMG),and electroencephalography (EEG) based on recent research developments.

Using modified natural polymers hydroxypropyl cellulose and pullulan polysaccharide as fiber-forming polymers,a temperature-responsive double-sided nanofiber was prepared by electrospinning.Taking advantage of its heating-bending properties,a hydrogel network system based on filament entanglement was constructed,resulting in a novel natural polymer injectable hydrogel.The characterization results obtained by SEM demonstrated that the sol-gel transition of the hydrogel should stem from synergistic action of the tight entanglements between thermally-induced self-curling fibers and the hydrophobic interactions between the fibers.Rheological tests indicated that the hydrogel possessed physical properties approximating those of cartilage and formed a stable gel structure at body temperature.The hydrogel was a good bionic material or scaffold material prepared with natural polymer and no chemical reaction in the gelation process,which had good application prospects in the field of biomedical materials.

Process optimization and lattice structure design are the key factors affecting the properties of 3D-printed materials.In this paper,we optimized the 3D printing process of carbon fiber reinforced nylon 66 by studying the effects of layer thickness,printing speed and printing direction on its mechanical properties,and finally the optimal printing process conditions were determined to be a concentric circle printing direction,a layer height of 0.1mm,and a printing speed of 70mm/s.The tensile strength of carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6c obtained was 121.969MPa,and the flexural strength was 191.603MPa,and elastic modulus was 10810.52MPa.191.603MPa.Finite element simulation analysis of the compression strength of honeycomb-like lattice,reinforced honeycomb lattice,and dissimilated honeycomb lattice was carried out,and the results revealed that the dissimilated honeycomb lattice had the best compression strength,followed by honeycomb-like lattice,and the reinforced honeycomb lattice was the worst.Finally,the three lattice structures were analyzed by compression experiments,and the results indicated that their compression strengths were consistent with the finite element analysis results,and the compression performance of the heterogeneous honeycomb lattice structure was the best,with a compression strength of 111.37MPa and a specific compression strength of 7.05MPa/g.This provides design references for the 3D printing applications of the carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 66 materials.

The development of high-performance binders is one of the effective ways to improve the cycling stability of silicon-based anodes.In this study,a series of polyacrylic acid-aniline (PAA-ANIx) composites were synthesized by chemically grafting ANI into the structure of PAA.Their structures,compositions and surface morphologies were characterized and analyzed by means of the Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).Subsequently,the PAA-ANIx composites were used as binders in the mixture of graphite and pre-lithium silicon monoxide (Gr/SiO_x) anode,assembled into coin-type half cells,and the corresponding electrochemical performance was tested.Th results showed that compared with PAA,the initial coulombic efficiency and capacity retention after 300 cycles of silicon-based anode with PAA-ANI7.5-Gr/SiO_x as binder were increased by 2.01% and 51.06%,respectively.The rate performance was also better.This study could promote the large-scale application of silicon-based anode materials.

With the continuous development of industrial technology,water pollution is becoming more and more serious,and heavy metals,dyes and drug molecules are released at will,posing a threat to human health.Because of the advantages of high adsorption efficiency,low cost and simple operation,adsorption method is widely used in the field of pollutant removal.Biochar occupies an important position in adsorbent materials,but the physical and chemical properties of virgin biochar,such as specific surface area,porosity,and functional group types,are not satisfactory.In order to further improve the adsorption capacity,biochar is often modified by chemical and physical methods.Biochar and other waste adsorbents that have been adsorbed are often disposed of by burying or incineration,which can cause secondary pollution to the environment.Although pollutants can be eluted by using desorption reagents,the desorption reagents tend to destroy the original structure of the biochar and reduce the reutilization rate.At present,the retention of adsorbent-loaded pollutants and the application of waste adsorbents in catalysis,secondary adsorption,energy storage,and other fields have been preliminarily investigated,showing a better reuse rate,which opens up a new way of thinking about the waste utilization of adsorbents.This paper summarized the common modification methods of biochar,practical adsorption applications and secondary applications of other types of waste adsorbents,which broadened the applicable fields of waste adsorbents and provided a basis for the sustainable application of waste adsorbents.

In order to solve the problem of recycling application of waste polyethylene (WPE) and to meet the demand for asphalt modifiers for roads,research related to WPE-modified asphalt was carried out.Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) was used to chemically modify WPE,and the modifier WPE-g-HI (waste polyethylene grafted with hydroxyethyl methacrylate-isophorone diisocyanate) was synthesised.The effects of WPE-g-HI with different doping amounts on the properties of modified asphalt were investigated.The structure and properties of the modifiers were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,contact angle measurement instrument and thermogravimetric analyser.The physical properties of the modified asphalt were investigated using the three basic indexes (25℃penetration,5℃ ductility,and softening point) and Brinell rotational viscosity tests,and the rheological properties of the modified asphalt were analysed using a dynamic shear rheometer.The results showed that:WPE-g-HI modified asphalt had hydrophobicity and processability,and its high temperature stability and low temperature crack resistance were improved.The performance of WPE-g-HI modified asphalt was better when the doping amount of WPE-g-HI was 5% (mass fraction).The reason was that the chemical reaction between —NCO in WPE-g-HI and —OH in asphalt formed urethane bond,which made the chemical structure of modified asphalt more stable,thus improving its performance.Compared with WPE-modified asphalt,the composite shear modulus and rutting factor of WPE-g-HI-modified asphalt increased,and the phase angle decreased,indicating better elastic recovery and rutting resistance.

A low temperature epoxy curing agent was synthesized by Mannich reaction of hydrogenated DDM,formaldehyde and phenol.A solventless epoxy heavy anticorrosive coating for icebreaking ships in ice area was developed using phenyl glycidyl ether,polyurethane modified epoxy and bisphenol A epoxy as matrix resins by screening the modified compression-resistant and wear-resistant fillers and curing with synthesized Mannite alkali.The results showed that the coating exhibited excellent comprehensive performance,with a compressive strength of 173MPa at room temperature (23℃) and 219MPa at low temperature (-65℃).The wear resistance test demonstrated a wear loss of 45mg under a load of 1000g and a rotation speed of 1000r/min.Therefore,the coating has outstanding compressive strength,wear resistance and anticorrosive properties.