超分子凝胶是化合物通过非共价键作用组装成的物理凝胶,具有突出的相变可逆和对外界刺激的灵敏响应。在化合物中引入新的作用位点或新的功能基团,开发新非共价键作用方式和组装方式,以便提高超分子凝胶的性能是当前该领域的研究热点。杯[4]芳烃具有空腔可调、构象可变、结构易修饰、合成方便等优点,将杯[4]芳烃片段引入超分子凝胶提高了凝胶的性能,拓展了凝胶的应用范围。在金属离子、阴离子、主客体、胆固醇片段、酸等不同驱动力作用下,杯[4]芳烃衍生物组装成凝胶。介绍了杯[4]芳烃衍生物的制备方法、凝胶形成机理及其刺激响应性,总结了杯[4]芳烃超分子凝胶在分离、提纯、药物捕捉释放及作为凝胶电解质等方面的应用,对杯[4]芳烃基超分子凝胶的发展进行了展望。
Supromolecular gel with reversible phase and sensitive to external stimuli were prepared via the non-covalent interaction of compounds.The research hotspot in this field was that the properties of supramolecular gel were enhanced by introducing new interact site,new functional group and exploiting new model of non-covalent interaction and assembly.Calix [4] arene had the properties of cavity adjusting,conformation variable,structure modifying and so on.The properties of supramolecular gel were abundant and it was enriched by the introduction of calix[4]arene into the gelators.Supramolecular gel based calix [4] arene derivatives were classified from the different driving force: cation,anion,host-guest and cholesteryl fragment.The preparation methods of calix [4] arene,the mechanism of supramolecular gel and stimulus-responsives were presented.Then the application in separation-purification,drug capture-release and gel electrolyte were summaried and the prospects were elaborated.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(21703157);渭南师范学院人才项目(15ZRRC11);应用表面与胶体化学教育部重点实验室(陕西师范大学)开放课题基金资助(2018031)
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