面对日益严重的含油废水污染难题,对含油废水进行有效治理成为亟待解决的重要问题。目前应用的大部分油水分离方法存在操作复杂、高耗能和效率低等问题。纤维素气凝胶应用于油水分离具有分离效率高、耗能低、操作简便和绿色环保等优势。将棉浆粕溶解在绿色体系碱尿素溶液中,引入黏土材料蒙脱石和高分子聚合物聚乙烯醇制备了超亲水-水下超疏油的复合纤维素气凝胶。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对样品的形貌、晶型结构与表面官能团进行分析表征,并测试了复合纤维素气凝胶的密度及孔隙率、接触角、耐用性以及油水分离性能。结果表明:蒙脱石改性复合纤维素气凝胶对水的吸收时间从3s缩短到1s,水下油接触角达到151.7°,分离通量高达2423.16L/(m2·h);改性复合纤维素气凝胶对不同密度的油水混合物分离效率均达到99%以上,循环10次之后分离效率仍达到97.6%以上。
Facing the increasingly severe challenge of oily wastewater pollution,effective treatment of such wastewater has become an urgent and critical issue.Most currently applied oil-water separation methods suffer from complex operations,high energy consumption,and low efficiency.Cellulose aerogels offer advantages in oil-water separation,including high separation efficiency,low energy consumption,simple operation,and environmental friendliness.In this study,a superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic composite cellulose aerogel was prepared by dissolving cotton pulp in a green alkali-urea solvent system,incorporating the clay material montmorillonite and the polymer polyvinyl alcohol.The morphology,crystal structure and surface functional groups were analyzed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).The density,porosity,contact angle,durability,and oil-water separation performance of the aerogel were also tested.The results showed that the water absorption time of the montmorillonite-modified composite cellulose aerogel was reduced from 3s to 1s,with an underwater oil contact angle of 151.7° and a separation flux of as high as 2423.16L/(m2·h).The separation efficiency for oil-water mixtures with different densities exceeded 99%,and remained above 97.6% even after 10 separation cycles.
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基金资助
新疆大学博士科研启动基金(202310130001);天池英才青年博士人才项目(51052501811)
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