有机太阳能电池(OSCs)凭借柔性优异、质量轻薄等优势,已成为极具前景的清洁能源技术。界面工程是改善OSCs器件性能的核心手段,通过优化电极-活性层界面的功能层[含空穴传输层(HTL)与电子传输层(ETL)],可减少电荷复合、调控能级排列,显著提升OSCs、钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSC)等薄膜器件的效率与稳定性。HTL作为连接阳极(如ITO)与活性层的关键组件,其性能直接影响空穴提取效率与界面稳定性。传统HTL材料(如PEDOT∶PSS)因酸性强、吸湿性高的缺陷制约器件长期发展,而自组装单分子层(SAMs)具有制备灵活、分子有序性高的优势,可精准调控界面能级,提升空穴提取效率并降低复合损失,成为界面工程优化的核心方案。系统探讨了SAMs的主要制备方法,总结其在OSCs中的应用进展,分析相关影响机制,展望原位掠入射广角X射线散射(GIWAXS)等实时监测表征技术的发展方向,为清洁能源行业发展提供支撑。
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have become a highly promising clean energy technology due to their excellent flexibility,light weight and thin-film nature.Interface engineering,as a core approach for improving the performance of OSCs devices,works by optimizing the functional layers at the electrode-active layer interface,including hole transport layers (HTLs) and electron transport layers (ETLs),to reduce charge recombination and regulate energy level alignment,thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency and stability of thin-film devices such as OSCs and perovskite solar cells (PSCs).Among various interface layers,the HTL is a key component connecting the anode (such as ITO) and the active layer,and its performance directly affects the hole extraction efficiency and interface stability.Traditional HTL materials (such as PEDOT∶PSS) are limited by inherent defects such as strong acidity and high hygroscopicity,which restrict the long-term development of devices.In contrast,self-assembled monolayers (SAMs),with the advantages of flexible preparation methods and high molecular order,can be used as HTLs to precisely control the interface energy levels,not only significantly improving the hole extraction efficiency but also effectively reducing the interface recombination loss.Therefore,they have gradually become a core solution for optimizing interface engineering.This review comprehensively discussed the main preparation methods of SAMs,systematically summarized their application progress in OSCs,and deeply analyzed the relevant influencing mechanisms.Finally,it looked forward to the development directions of real-time monitoring and characterization techniques such as in-situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and other characterization methods,thereby providing important support for the development of the clean energy field.
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基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1601000;2017YFA0403000);国家自然科学基金(U1932118,12175295);上海市市级科技重大专项
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