化工新型材料

化工新型材料 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (10) : 124-131. DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2026.10.022

新材料与新技术

面向微波暗室的CNOs@SiC@SiO₂复合材料的吸波性能研究

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Study on the absorption properties of CNOs@SiC@SiO₂ composite materials for microwave anechoic chambers

Du Xiangren¹, Liu Yunfeng¹, Zhang Weike²

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Received
2025-11-06
Issue Date	Revised Date
2026-10-13	2025-11-06

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摘要

通过改良的Stober法将SiO₂微球自组装在碳纳米洋葱(CNOs)周围,然后经过高温碳热还原得到具有多组分结构的CNOs@SiC@SiO₂复合材料。经扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和拉曼等表征手段,研究该复合材料的微观结构和物相组成。同时,利用矢量网络分析仪模拟复合材料的电磁波吸收性能:当涂层匹配厚度为2.5mm时,最小反射损耗在10.56GHz处达到-65.29dB,有效的最大吸收带宽为4.48GHz(13.52～18.00GHz),复合材料表现出强吸收、宽频段的性能。这主要归因于优异的阻抗匹配(适中的介电常数和巧妙的结构设计)和多种损耗机制(界面极化损耗、偶极子极化损耗及传导损耗)。通过CST电磁仿真软件模拟了其在真实远场条件下的应用。结果表明,制备的复合材料作为高性能电磁波吸收剂,具备在微波暗室和电磁防护等领域的实际应用价值,可满足微波暗室对低反射、宽频段、高性能吸波材料的核心需求,为微波暗室的吸波层优化提供了新型材料选择与技术支撑。

Abstract

The SiO₂ microspheres were self-assembled around carbon nano-onions (CNOs) by a modified Stober method.Subsequently,a high-temperature carbothermal reduction process was employed to obtain CNOs@SiC@SiO₂ composites with a multicomponent structure.The microstructure and phase composition of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,X-ray diffractometer,X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and Raman characterisation.Meanwhile,the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the composites were simulated using a vector network analyser.When the matched coating thickness was 2.5mm,the minimum reflection loss (RL) reached -65.29dB at 10.56GHz,and the effective maximum absorption bandwidth (EAB) was 4.48GHz (13.52-18.00GHz).The composites exhibited strong absorption and broadband performance,which was attributed to excellent impedance matching (moderate dielectric constant and clever structural design) and multiple loss mechanisms (interfacial polarisation loss,dipole polarisation loss,and conduction loss).Their applications under real far-field conditions were simulated using CST electromagnetic simulation software.The results demonstrated that the prepared composites,as high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers,possessed practical application value in fields such as anechoic chambers and electromagnetic shielding.They met the key requirements of anechoic chambers for low reflection,wide bandwidth,and high absorption performance,providing a new material option and technical support for the optimization of microwave-absorbing layers in anechoic chambers.

关键词

界面极化 / 碳化硅 / 碳热反应 / 碳纳米洋葱

Key words

interfacial polarisation / silicon carbide / carbon-heat reaction / carbon nano-onions

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面向微波暗室的CNOs@SiC@SiO₂复合材料的吸波性能研究[J]. 化工新型材料, 2026, 54(10): 124-131 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2026.10.022

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基金资助

山西省基础研究项目(202103021224071)

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