碳纳米管纤维(CNTF)作为纳米单元向宏观尺度组装的典范,因其卓越的高长径比与力学性能,成为新一代高性能纤维材料。系统梳理了CNTF的主流制备技术,重点分析了干法纺丝、湿法纺丝及阵列纺丝3种工艺路径。在干法纺丝中探讨反应器构型、温度场分布及催化剂组分等关键参数对纤维结构与性能的调控规律,进一步总结了后处理技术对提升纤维致密化程度与取向度的关键作用,并展望了CNTF在多功能复合材料、储能器件等领域的应用前景,为高性能CNTF的可控制备与产业化发展提供了理论参考。
Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs),as a model of assembly from nanoscale units to macroscopic scale,have become a new generation of high-performance fiber materials due to their outstanding high aspect ratio and mechanical properties.This paper systematically reviewed the mainstream preparation techniques of CNTFs,with a focus on analyzing the three process routes of dry spinning,wet spinning,and array spinning.In dry spinning,the regulation laws of key parameters such as reactor configuration,temperature field distribution,and catalyst components on the structure and performance of fibers were discussed.Furthermore,the crucial role of post-treatment techniques in enhancing the densification degree and orientation of fibers was summarized.The application prospects of CNTFs in multifunctional composite materials,energy storage devices,and other fields were also prospected,providing theoretical references for the controllable preparation and industrial development of high-performance CNTFs.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(52576075、52336003和52206096);山东省泰山学者项目(tstp20250505)
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