锂硫电池(LSBs)凭借高理论能量密度、低成本活性物质与环境友好等突出优势,及其采用低熔点醚类电解液体系的特性,被视作极具发展潜力的下一代低温储能系统。然而,LSBs在低温条件下会面临锂离子去溶剂化困难、锂金属沉积和剥离不均匀、多硫化锂聚集以及Li2S平面生长导致正极钝化等困境,会限制其低温性能。为应对上述关键挑战,概述了LSBs在低温条件下的当前研究进展、面临的困难以及未来发展方向,并详细论述了基于正极材料改性、电解液调控和锂负极优化等策略以提升LSBs低温性能的机理。此外,针对低温LSBs的商业化应用,还提出了若干改进意见,旨在推动其发展和促进该领域的技术革新。
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are regarded as a promising next-generation low-temperature energy storage system due to their prominent advantages such as high theoretical energy density,low-cost active materials and environmental friendliness,as well as the characteristic of adopting a low-melting-point ether-based electrolyte system.Nevertheless,under low-temperature conditions,LSBs are confronted with a series of challenges,including the sluggish desolvation of lithium-ions,uneven deposition and stripping of lithium metal,lithium polysulfide compound aggregation,and the cathode passivation triggered by the planar growth of Li2S,all of which constrain their low-temperature performance.To address the aforementioned critical challenges,this study outlined the current research progress,encountered obstacles,and future development directions of LSBs under low-temperature conditions.Additionally,it detailed the working mechanisms behind strategies for improving LSBs' low-temperature performance,including cathode material modification,electrolytes regulation,and lithium metal anode optimization.Moreover,with respect to the commercialization of low-temperature LSBs,the paper put forward a series of improvement recommendations,aiming to boost their development and spur technological innovation in this domain.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(22569003);贵州省科学技术基金资助项目(黔科合基础—ZK〔2024〕一般608和黔科合基础—ZK〔2022〕一般311);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合中引地〔2025〕013);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY〔2022〕158号);贵州轻工职业大学自然科学研究项目(25QY01);贵州省教育厅资助项目(黔教合KY字〔2016〕333)
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