化工新型材料

化工新型材料 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (10) : 183-190. DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2026.10.010

科学研究

油浸式变压器用丁腈橡胶高低温老化特性及失效机理研究

^1,2

^3*

作者信息 +

Study on the high- and low-temperature aging characteristics and failure mechanisms of nitrile butadiene rubber for oil-immersed transformers

Song Zibo^1,2, Ji Changguo^1,2, Wang Zhichun^1,2, Han Zhewen^1,2, Wang Zhenlong³, He Shizhuang³, Zhang Huijie³, Kang Ju³

Author information +

文章历史 +

Received
2025-10-23
Issue Date	Revised Date
2026-10-13	2025-10-23

PDF

摘要

针对油浸式变压器用丁腈橡胶(NBR)密封材料在极端环境下的老化问题,开展了其在空气、变压器油(25^#)、压缩应力、油浸-压缩耦合作用下的高低温交变老化试验(-50～120℃)。研究了温度、变压器油介质与压缩变形多因素对NBR老化行为的耦合影响规律。分析了其老化前后微观结构与化学组成的变化,从而揭示了老化失效机理。结果表明:在高温阶段NBR分子链段自由体积增大,链间作用力减弱;低温时NBR分子链段冻结,弹性模量急剧升高;高低温的反复循环在材料内部产生交变应力,导致微裂纹萌生并加剧填料脱落,为变压器油渗入材料内部提供了通道,从而加速了NBR的性能劣化;在温度交变、油溶胀与压缩应力的多因素协同作用下,NBR的老化速率最为显著。

Abstract

Aiming at the aging problem of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) sealing materials used in oil-immersed transformers under extreme environments,high- and low-temperature cyclic aging tests (-50 to 120℃) were conducted under various conditions including air exposure,transformer oil (25^#),compressive stress,and the coupled effect of oil immersion and compression.The coupling influence of these multiple factors on the aging behavior of NBR was systematically investigated.Changes in the microstructure and chemical composition of NBR before and after aging were analyzed,revealing the aging failure mechanisms.The results indicated that during the high-temperature stage,the free volume of NBR molecular segments increased and the interchain interactions weakened.During the low-temperature stage,the molecular segments froze,leading to a sharp increase in the elastic modulus.The repeated high- and low-temperature cycling generated alternating stresses within the material,causing microcrack initiation and exacerbating filler detachment,which provided channels for transformer oil to penetrate into the material,thereby accelerating the performance degradation of NBR.Under the synergistic effects of temperature cycling,oil swelling,and compressive stress,the aging rate of NBR was most pronounced.

关键词

丁腈橡胶 / 高低温循环 / 油浸压缩 / 多因素耦合 / 老化机理

Key words

nitrile butadiene rubber / high- and low-temperature cycling / oil immersion and compression / multi-factor coupling / aging mechanism

引用本文

引用格式 ▾

油浸式变压器用丁腈橡胶高低温老化特性及失效机理研究[J]. 化工新型材料, 2026, 54(10): 183-190 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2026.10.010

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户忘记密码

参考文献

原文顺序 | 出版日期 | 本文引用

[1] 宗涛.油浸式变压器故障诊断方法研究[D].郑州:郑州轻工业大学,2023.
[2] Vasovic V,Lukic J,Mihajlovic D,et al.Aging of transformerinsulation-experimental transformers and laboratory models with differentmoisture contents:part I-DP and furans aging profiles[J].IEEE Transactionson Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2019,26(6):1840-1846.
[3] Liao R J,Xiang B,Yang L J,et al.Study on the thermal aging characteristics andbond breaking process of oil-paper insulation in powertransformer[C].Vancouver,BC,Canada:Conference Record of the 2008 IEEE International Symposiumon Electrical Insulation,2008.
[4] 刘琦,付楚珺,于鲜莉,等.基于变压器绝缘劣化降级时间预测的绝缘老化评估方法[J].高压电器,2023,59(3):116-122.
[5] 符寿康,陶平,康鑫,等.高低温循环作用下三元乙丙橡胶胶料的压缩永久变形及回弹值研究[J].橡胶科技,2020,18(3):138-141.
[6] 马妍,刘鑫鑫.热氧老化对氢化丁腈橡胶性能的影响及使用寿命预测[J].化工新型材料,2024,52(S2):222-227.
[7] 柳荣,王爽,尹文华,等.热空气老化对丁腈橡胶交联密度的影响[J].化工新型材料,2019,47(7):201-203.
[8] 景巍巍,谢坤,李鸿泽,等.硅橡胶绝缘高压电缆附件的老化特性研究[J].高压电器,2023,59(11):201-210,223.
[9] 于环,张倩,李彩娜,等.自然老化对固体硅橡胶性能的影响[J].化工新型材料,2021,49(7):111-115.
[10] 王杰,张跃.高低温环境对丁腈橡胶O形圈密封性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2018,43(8):148-152.
[11] Li S,Ke Y C,Xie L Y,et al.Study on the aging of three typical rubber materials under high-and low-temperature cyclic environment[J].e-Polymers,2023,23(1):20228089.
[12] Zeng S Y,Li W D,Peng Y N,et al.Mechanism of accelerated deterioration of high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber under multi-factor aging tests considering temperature cycling[J].Polymers,2023,15(15):3210.
[13] Kong L Z,Dong K H,Chen S T,et al.Aging properties of nitrile rubber in medium under high-low cyclic temperature environment[J].InIOP Conference Series:Materials Science and Engineering,2019,677(2):022071.
[14] 韩哲文,季昌国,林林,等.丁腈橡胶热空气和热油老化力学性能研究及服役寿命预测[J].绝缘材料,2024,57(12):66-73.
[15] 董杰,梁火寿,赖秀莘.丁腈橡胶耐高低温和液压油性能研究[J].特种橡胶制品,2024,45(4):43-45.
[16] 王玲,魏小琴,佘祖新,等.丁腈橡胶密封圈热氧老化及性能的关联性[J].弹性体,2019,29(4):35-38.
[17] 游海军,张保岗,刘晓,等.丁腈橡胶热氧老化性能研究及寿命预测[J].弹性体,2015,25(5):60-64.
[18] 胡学超,薛守洪,孙利强,等.变压器油中抗氧化剂类型对绝缘纸热老化性能的影响[J].绝缘材料,2023,56(11):47-52.
[19] 范在乾,咸日常,边继辉,等.硫化体系对硅橡胶热老化性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2024,41(3):1259-1269.
[20] 周宇通,裘吕超,张杰,等.丁腈橡胶在油浸环境中的性能变化与机理研究[J].浙江电力,2023,42(11):72-77.
[21] Li S K,Zhou H Y,Zheng F Y,et al.Investigation of the properties and aging mechanisms of vulcanized hydrogenated nitrile rubber in different mediums[J].Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2023,34(3):928-938.
[22] 钱艺华,聂明浩,赵耀洪.热油压缩下丁腈橡胶老化性能研究[J].应用化工,2016,45(11):2043-2046,2051.
[23] 李秀杰,孙书,刘丽霞,等.基于湿热老化试验的航天器用丁腈橡胶贮存寿命预测[J].航天器环境工程,2022,39(5):539-544.
[24] 刘子豪.冻融作用下N型裂隙类岩石材料的疲劳损伤规律研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2024.
[25] Li C,Sun Q,Lv Y Z,et al.Study of water molecules state in transformer oil via FT-IR spectrum and molecular dynamic simulation[C].Manchester,UK:In 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL),2017.
[26] 李杲,卓文越,杨国,等.多因素耦合作用下丁腈橡胶的老化行为和机理研究[J].高分子学报,2021,52(7):762-774.
[27] Liu X,Zhan J H,Yang R,et al.Effect of lubricating oil on thermal aging of nitrile rubber[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2018,151:136-43.
[28] Fuller K N G,Gough J,Thomas A G.The effect of low-temperature crystallization on the mechanical behavior of rubber[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part B:Polymer Physics,2004,42(11):2181-2190.
[29] Seo K H,Nam G M,Kang D G,et al.A study of mechanical,oil resistance,and low temperature resistance of NBR vulcanizates[J].Key Engineering Materials,2016,703:165-171.
[30] Pazur R J,Cormier J G,Korhan-Taymaz K.The effect of acrylonitrile content on the thermo-oxidative aging of nitrile rubber[J].Rubber Chemistry and Technology,2014,87(1):53-69.