金属-有机框架材料(MOFs)作为一种多孔晶态材料,虽在分子吸附、催化等领域潜力巨大,但其固有的机械强度低、难以加工成型及功能单一化限制了其实际应用。传统自由基聚合方法(FRP)作为一种可靠的聚合物制备技术,因其单体普适性、操作简易性和成本效益等优势,可为MOFs的功能化与实用化提供了有力的支撑。系统论述了FRP与MOFs结合的3种核心作用机制:在纳米尺度上,通过孔隙内原位聚合调控MOF孔道,引入特异性识别位点或增强骨架稳定性;在介观尺度上,通过表面接枝聚合对MOF颗粒进行界面修饰,显著改善其分散性与相容性;在宏观尺度上,通过构建聚合物基体对MOFs进行器件成型,将其转化为薄膜、水凝胶等实用形态。通过深入理解作用机制,将功能分化与协同为MOF-聚合物杂化材料实现性能优化进行总结,希望为理性设计下一代高性能、多功能MOF复合材料提供全新范式。
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs),as a class of porous crystalline materials,show immense potential in fields such as molecular adsorption and catalysis.However,their practical applications are restricted by inherent drawbacks,including low mechanical strength,challenges in processing and shaping,and limited functionality.Traditional free radical polymerization (FRP),as a reliable polymer synthesis technique,offers strong support for the functionalization and practical utilization of MOFs due to its advantages such as monomer versatility,operational simplicity,and cost-effectiveness.This article systematically discussed three core mechanisms for combining FRP with MOFs:at the nanoscale,in situ polymerization within pores was used to modify MOF channels,introducing specific recognition sites or enhancing framework stability;at the mesoscale,surface graft polymerization modified the interface of MOF particles,significantly improving their dispersibility and compatibility;at the macroscale,constructing a polymer matrix enabled device shaping of MOFs,transforming them into practical forms such as thin films and hydrogels.By deepening the understanding of these mechanisms,we summarized how functional differentiation and synergy could optimize the performance of MOF-polymer hybrid materials,aiming to provide a new paradigm for the rational design of next-generation,high-performance,and multifunctional MOF composites.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(22578012);北京市自然科学基金重点研究专题(Z230023)
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