锂离子电池因优异的电化学性能在各大储能领域得到广泛应用。然而,在极端温度下电池的性能衰减,严重制约了其在多样化场景中的大规模应用。为此,对锂离子电池材料进行优化以提升宽温域工作性能至关重要。首先分析了电池在低温与高温下的失效机制,进而围绕电解质体系(涵盖固态电解质、锂盐、溶剂与添加剂)、界面材料及电极材料三个关键维度,系统综述了拓宽电池工作温度范围的策略与最新研究进展。最后,基于当前面临的材料协同设计不足、极端温度下性能衰退等核心问题,提出电解质-界面-电极多组分协同优化策略,并对未来发展方向进行展望。
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in energy storage due to their superior electrochemical performance.However,their performance deterioration under extreme temperatures severely limits large-scale application in diverse scenarios.Optimizing LIB materials is therefore crucial for enhancing wide-temperature performance.This review first analyzed the failure mechanisms of LIBs under low and high temperatures.It then provided a comprehensive overview of strategies and recent advances in extending the operational temperature range,focusing on three key aspects:the electrolyte system (including solid-state electrolytes,lithium salts,solvents,and additives),interface materials,and electrode materials.Finally,addressing core challenges such as insufficient material co-design and performance decay,we proposed a multi-component cooperative optimization strategy involving electrolyte-interface-electrode system and offered perspectives on future research directions.
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基金资助
东莞市重点领域研发项目(20241200300152)
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