随着全球能源结构转型与“双碳”目标的推进,开发高效、清洁的新能源储能技术已成为解决化石燃料枯竭与环境污染问题的关键。锂电池作为其中的核心载体,因高能量密度、长循环寿命等优异性能,被广泛应用于电动汽车、固定式储能、海底作业设备等领域。综述了锂电池正负极材料的研究进展,同时深入分析了锂电池从原材料开采、生产制造、使用到废弃的全生命周期内对环境的影响,涵盖了碳排放、资源消耗及潜在污染等方面,并简述了回收技术产生的经济效益与环境效益。
Amid the global energy transition and the pursuit of “dual carbon” goals,the development of efficient and clean new energy storage technologies has become crucial to addressing the depletion of fossil fuels and associated environmental issues.As a core component in this effort,lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles,stationary energy storage systems,and underwater operation equipment due to their high energy density,long cycle life,and other superior performance characteristics.This article reviewed recent advances in cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries,provided an in-depth analysis of the environmental impacts throughout their entire life cycle—from raw material extraction and manufacturing to usage and disposal.This analysis covered aspects such as carbon emissions,resource consumption,and potential pollution.It also summarized the economic and environmental benefits generated by recycling technologies.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(22206132)
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