近年来,国产碳纤维(CF)技术实现重大突破,干喷湿纺工艺推动CF规模化生产,成本显著降低,加速了碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)在航空航天等领域的应用。其中,碳纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料(CFRTP)因可回收、快速成型等优势,逐步替代传统热固性CFRP。然而,CF表面化学惰性、润湿性差及复合界面孔隙缺陷,严重制约复合材料界面剪切强度(IFSS)和层间剪切强度(ILSS)等力学性能。利用多种方法对CF表面改性有助于提升复合材料性能。系统综述了CF表面改性技术的研究应用进展,重点分析物理与化学改性方法的强化机制和原理。未来趋势表明,联合改性的“组合优化”策略将成为实现高性能CFRTP的核心路径,同时需向绿色低碳与连续化智能生产方向演进。
In recent years,significant breakthroughs in domestic carbon fiber (CF) technology,particularly the advancement of dry-jet wet spinning processes,have promoted large-scale CF production,substantially reduced costs,and accelerated the application of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) in aerospace and related sectors.Notably,carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTP) are progressively replacing traditional thermosetting CFRP due to superior recyclability and rapid manufacturability.However,inherent limitations—including CF surface chemical inertness,poor wettability,and interfacial void defects—severely constrain critical mechanical properties such as interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS).Strategic surface modification of CF offers viable pathways to enhance composite performance.This paper comprehensively reviewed the research and application progress of CF surface modification technologies,with focused analysis on the reinforcement mechanisms and underlying principles of physical and chemical modification methods.Emerging trends indicate that combinatorial optimization strategies integrating multiple modification approaches will become pivotal for developing high-performance CFRTP,while future innovations must align with green low-carbon processing and AI-driven continuous production paradigms.
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