重金属污染危害大,生物炭因比表面积高、成本低受关注,但吸附性能仍有不足。化学改性可调控其比表面积与官能团等固有特性,改善吸附性,且实际水体离子共存会影响吸附效率。综述了不同化学改性对生物炭孔隙、官能团的影响,分析了混合体系中对镉、铅、铜等典型重金属的选择性吸附行为与机理。改性生物炭为水体净化提供方案,仍需优化工艺、评估风险,推动可持续应用。

Heavy metal pollution poses significant hazards.Biochar has attracted much attention due to its high specific surface area and low cost,but its adsorption performance is still insufficient.Chemical modification can regulate its inherent characteristics such as specific surface area and functional groups,improve adsorption capacity,and the coexistence of actual water ions can affect adsorption efficiency.The effects of different chemical modifications on the pores and functional groups of biochar were reviewed,and the selective adsorption behavior and mechanism of typical heavy metals such as cadmium,lead and copper in the mixed system were analyzed.Modified biochar provides a solution for water purification,but it still needs to optimize the process,assess risks,and promote sustainable applications.