全球环境污染及能源短缺问题的加剧,推动了对高效离子分离技术的迫切需求。传统材料在分离效率、选择性和能耗之间的局限性促使研究者转向新型二维材料。系统综述了石墨烯等二维材料在孔径调控与离子选择性分离中的最新进展,详细探讨了化学气相沉积、化学刻蚀及模板法等调控方法的特点与应用场景。通过精确调控二维材料的孔径,能够实现对特定离子的高效筛分与传输,显著提升水处理、电池技术、电催化和气体分离等领域的性能。展望了未来研究方向,强调通过纳米孔结构优化、表面化学修饰及计算模拟等手段提升离子筛分性能,以推动相关技术的产业化应用。

The worsening global environmental pollution and energy shortages have accelerated the demand for efficient ion separation technologies.The limitations of traditional materials in terms of separation efficiency,selectivity,and energy consumption have driven researchers to explore novel two-dimensional (2D) materials.This review systematically summarized the recent progress in pore size regulation and ion-selective separation using 2D materials such as graphene.It provided a detailed discussion of key modulation techniques-including chemical vapor deposition,chemical etching,and template methods and their respective characteristics and application scenarios.By precisely controlling the pore size of 2D materials,efficient screening and transport of specific ions could be achieved,significantly enhancing the performance in areas such as water purification,battery technology,electrocatalysis,and gas separation.The paper also outlined future research directions,emphasizing the improvement of ion sieving performance through nanopore structure optimization,surface chemical modification,and computational simulations,with the goal of facilitating the industrial application of these technologies.