随着工业化进程的加快,水体中重金属离子污染日益严重,开发高效、环保、可重复利用的吸附材料成为研究热点。聚丙烯酸(PAA)基水凝胶具有丰富的羧基官能团、良好的亲水性和可设计性,作为重金属离子吸附剂受到广泛关注。综述了PAA基水凝胶吸附重金属离子的研究进展,介绍了PAA基水凝胶制备方法(物理交联与化学交联)、网络结构(单网络、双网络、互穿网络)以及形态设计(微球、水凝胶膜等)对其吸附性能的影响。研究表明,合理的结构调控与功能化设计可显著提高PAA基水凝胶在复杂水环境中对重金属离子的吸附性能。最后,总结了PAA基水凝胶吸附重金属离子存在的问题,并展望了其未来的发展方向。

Heavy-metal ion contamination in aquatic environments has become increasingly severe with the acceleration of industrialization,making the development of efficient,environmental and regenerable adsorbent materials to be one of the research focuses.Poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)-based hydrogels have attracted widespread attention as adsorbents for heavy-metal ions due to their abundant carboxyl functional groups,excellent hydrophilicity and facile tunability.This paper systematically reviewed the research progress of PAA-based hydrogels for adsorbing heavy metal ions,introduced the impact of preparation methods (physical and chemical crosslinking),network architectures (single-network,double-network and interpenetrating polymer networks) and morphological designs (microspheres,hydrogel membranes) of PAA-based hydrogels on their adsorption performance.Studies results showed that judicious structural control and functional design could markedly enhance the adsorption capacity of PAA-based hydrogels for heavy metal ions in a complex water environment.Finally,the existing issues of PAA-based hydrogels for heavy-metal ion removal were discussed,and the future research directions were proposed.