超疏液涂层因独特的拒液性,使其在自清洁、防结冰、减阻等领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,在实际应用过程中,液体动态冲击、机械外力作用、化学介质腐蚀以及环境老化等因素往往会导致涂层超疏液性能的退化甚至失效。因此构建稳定的超疏液涂层是一个巨大挑战。分析了超疏液涂层在液体冲击和机械外力等作用下的失效机理,总结了提高超疏液涂层耐压性能和机械稳定性的先进设计策略,主要包括特殊结构设计、柔性设计、气膜再生/恢复技术、多尺度微/纳复合结构设计、提升涂层/基材界面作用力和自修复策略等。通过这些设计,不仅能够提高超疏液涂层的抗压性和稳定性,还能延长其使用寿命。最后,展望了超疏液涂层未来的研究方向。

Super-liquid-repellent coatings exhibit broad application prospects in self-cleaning,anti-icing,and drag reduction due to their unique liquid-repellent properties.However,during practical service,factors such as dynamic liquid impact,mechanical stress,chemical corrosion,and environmental aging often lead to degradation or even complete failure of the coatings.Therefore,constructing stable super-liquid-repellent coatings remains a significant challenge in this field.This paper first analyzed the failure mechanisms of super-liquid-repellent coatings under liquid impact and mechanical stress,and summarized advanced design strategies for enhancing their pressure resistance and mechanical robustness,including special structural design,flexible design,air film regeneration/recovery techniques,micro/nano composite architectures,enhanced coating/substrate interfacial adhesion and self-healing strategies.These designs not only improved the pressure tolerance and overall stability of super-liquid-repellent coatings,but also extended their service lifetime.Finally,the paper provided perspectives on future directions in super-liquid-repellent coating development.