聚丙烯腈原丝纤维是碳纤维的前体纤维,其质量对后续碳纤维的性能具有重要影响。凝胶纺丝工艺是近年来发展的一种新兴纺丝工艺,许多研究已证明凝胶纺丝法制备的聚丙烯腈纤维具有结构更均匀稳定,后续碳纤维力学性能更好等优点,有望实现制备超高性能碳纤维,是一种理想的纺丝工艺。综合国内外研究现状,首先综述了凝胶纺丝在聚丙烯腈纤维的研究现状,其次综述了聚丙烯腈溶液凝胶化转变过程及其影响因素,最后综述了纺丝液和凝固浴工艺条件对纤维质量及性能的影响规律,并展望了凝胶纺丝技术面临的问题,以期为相关领域提供参考。
Polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers are the precursor fibers of carbon fibers,and their quality has a significant impact on the performance of subsequent carbon fibers.The gel spinning process is a new spinning process developed in recent years.Many studies have proved that the polyacrylonitrile fiber prepared by the gel spinning method has the advantages of more uniform and stable structure,better mechanical properties of subsequent carbon fibers,and is expected to achieve the preparation of ultra-high performance carbon fibers,making it an ideal spinning process.Based on the research status at home and abroad,the research progress of gel spinning in polyacrylonitrile fiber was reviewed firstly,then the gel transformation process of polyacrylonitrile solution and its influencing factors were introduced,finally the influence rules of spinning solution and coagulation bath process conditions on fiber quality and performance were summarized,and the problems faced by gel spinning technology were discussed to provide references for related fields.
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