硅基负极材料因高理论容量和资源丰富被视为锂离子电池发展的重要方向,但硅基负极材料循环过程中巨大的体积膨胀导致的结构粉化与界面失效等问题严重制约了其实际应用。硅碳复合材料通过碳基体的机械缓冲与导电网络的协同作用,有效抑制了体积效应并提升了电化学性能。研究表明,溶胶-凝胶法、喷雾干燥法及化学气相沉积法等工艺可调控多维碳网络与界面特性,显著改善循环稳定性与倍率性能。综述了硅碳复合材料中石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管及生物质碳等碳材料的改性研究进展,总结了硅碳复合材料的性能优化策略,并展望了高能量密度硅碳复合材料的产业化前景。
Silicon-based anodes are regarded as a critical direction for lithium-ion battery future development due to their high theoretical capacity and abundant resources.However,severe structural pulverization and interface failure caused by significant volume expansion during cycling significantly limit its practical application.Silicon-carbon composites effectively remit volume effects and enhance electrochemical performance through the synergistic action of carbon matrices for mechanical buffering and conductive network construction.Research indicates that preparation techniques such as sol-gel,spray-drying,and chemical vapor deposition enable precise regulation of multidimensional carbon networks and interfacial properties,thereby significantly improving cycling stability and rate capability.This review summarized the research progress of modifying carbon materials such as graphite,graphene,carbon nanotubes,and biomass carbon in silicon-carbon composite materials,outlined the performance optimization strategies for silicon-carbon composites,and looked forward to the industrialization prospects of high-energy-density silicon-carbon composites.
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基金资助
贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教技[2022]041号);贵州省科技厅项目(黔科合支撑[2024]一般026);贵州大学校级项目([2020]40)
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