化工新型材料

化工新型材料 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1) : 27-32. DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2026.01.035

综述与专论

钠离子电池层状过渡金属氧化物正极材料包覆改性研究进展

作者信息 +

Research progress on coating modification of layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Zhang Siqiang, Shu Weiping, Liu Ye, Wang Lili, Zhao Xinxin, Wu Jianbao

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Received		Published
2025-01-13		2026-01-20
Issue Date	Revised Date
2026-01-20	2025-01-13

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摘要

层状过渡金属氧化物(LTMO)因其简便的合成工艺、较高的工作电压和优异的比容量,被视为具有潜力的钠离子电池(SIBs)正极材料。然而,实际应用中存在一些问题,如电极与电解液间的不利反应导致过渡金属溶解,降低电池寿命和性能;充放电过程中体积膨胀可能引发电极裂解,影响容量保持率。为克服这些挑战,研究者们开发了多种表面改性技术,通过在LTMO表面施加包覆材料(如碳材料、金属氧化物和磷酸盐等)来改善性能。碳材料包覆提高电子导电性,减少副反应;金属氧化物包覆增强结构稳定性,防止金属溶解;磷酸盐包覆形成稳定化学界面,提高循环稳定性和倍率性能。这些改性技术通过形成保护层隔绝电解液与电极接触,减少副反应,同时改善电子和离子传输性能,优化电化学反应动力学,显著提升LTMO材料的容量保持率和循环寿命,拓展了其在钠离子电池中的应用前景。

Abstract

Layered transition metal oxides (LTMOs) are regarded as promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their facile synthesis process,high operating voltage and excellent specific capacity.However,there are some problems in practical applications,such as unfavorable reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte leading to the dissolution of the transition metal,which reduces the battery lifetime and performance,and volumetric expansion during charging and discharging that may trigger electrode cracking and affect the capacity retention.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed a variety of surface modification techniques to improve performance by applying coating materials (e.g.,carbon materials,metal oxides,and phosphates) to the LTMO surface.Carbon material coatings improve electronic conductivity and reduce side reactions;metal oxide coatings enhance structural stability and prevent metal dissolution;and phosphate coatings form stable chemical interfaces to improve cycling stability and multiplicity performance.These modification techniques reduce side reactions by forming a protective layer to isolate the electrolyte from the electrode,while improving the electron and ion transport properties and optimizing the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions,which significantly improves the capacity retention and cycle life of LTMO materials and expands their application prospects in sodium-ion batteries.

关键词

钠离子电池 / 正极材料 / 包覆

Key words

sodium-ion battery / cathode material / coating

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钠离子电池层状过渡金属氧化物正极材料包覆改性研究进展[J]. 化工新型材料, 2026, 54(1): 27-32 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2026.01.035

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