随着无线信息技术的飞速发展,电磁干扰已成为全球关注的焦点,因此电磁波吸收材料的研究日益重要。具有特殊的量子尺寸效应、表面效应和体积效应的纳米氧化锌(ZnO)材料因良好的介电损耗特性,被广泛应用于电磁波吸收领域。综述了ZnO材料的制备方法(溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、沉积法),解析ZnO材料中的关键制备工艺、实验参数及其组分、结构之间的关系,重点介绍ZnO复合材料(ZnO复合碳基材料、磁性材料)的组分、结构与其电磁参数之间关联性,从而阐明ZnO材料的电磁波吸收机制和应用。最后,提出了ZnO材料在电磁波吸收领域的应用前景与挑战。
With the rapid development of wireless information technology,electromagnetic interference has become a global focus of attention,making the research on electromagnetic wave absorbing materials increasingly important.Nano zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials with special quantum size effect,surface effect,and volume effect are widely used in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption due to their excellent dielectric loss characteristics.This paper reviewed the preparation methods of ZnO materials (sol gel method,hydrothermal method,deposition method),analyzed the relationships among the key preparation processes,experimental parameters of ZnO materials and their components and structures.It focused on understanding the correlation between the components,structures and electromagnetic parameters of ZnO composites (ZnO composite carbon-based materials,magnetic materials),so as to clarify the electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism and application of ZnO materials.Finally,the application prospects and challenges of ZnO materials in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption were proposed.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(51705414);国家自然科学基金(51641105)
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