随着电子信息产业的迅猛发展,电磁干扰和电磁污染日益严重,因此开发高效的微波吸收材料成为近年来的研究热点。碳纤维因高介电常数而成为吸波材料的关键成分之一,但单一损耗机理导致其在阻抗匹配和吸波频带上存在局限性。其中对碳纤维进行磁性粒子掺杂与改性越来越受到关注,这得益于其低密度、多重衰减和介电介磁协同的特点。介绍了电磁波吸收材料的吸波机理,综述了近年来碳纤维基磁性复合吸波材料的研究进展并展望了其未来的发展前景。
The rapid evolution of the electronic information industry has intensified challenges related to electromagnetic interference and pollution,spurring significant interest in the development of high-performance microwave-absorbing materials.Carbon fiber,valued for its high dielectric constant,has emerged as a pivotal component in wave-absorbing composites.However,its reliance on a singular loss mechanism constrains its impedance matching capabilities and limits its effective absorption bandwidth.To overcome these limitations,the incorporation of magnetic particles into carbon fibers has gained considerable attention,driven by their low density,multi-scale attenuation mechanisms,and synergistic dielectric-magnetic interactions.The wave-absorbing mechanism of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials was introduced,the research progress of carbon fiber-based magnetic composite wave-absorbing materials in recent years was summarized,and its future development prospect was expected.
[1] Dong H,Gao S,Yu C,et al.Enhancing microwave absorption of bio-inspired structure through 3D printed concentric infill pattern[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2025,289:111924.
[2] Zhao R,Liang B,Shi Y,et al.Recent progress of carbon-based magnetic fibers for electromagnetic wave absorption[J].Carbon,2024,229:119513.
[3] Gunwant D,Vedrtnam A.Microwave absorbing properties of carbon fiber based materials:a review and prospective[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2021,881:160572.
[4] Saeed M,Haq R S U,Ahmed S,et al.Recent advances in carbon nanotubes,graphene and carbon fibers-based microwave absorbers[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2024,970:172625.
[5] Zhu X,Qian X,Hao M,et al.High performance electromagnetic wave absorbing material based on 3D flower-liked MXene[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2024,989:174440.
[6] Yi P S,Zhang X F,Jin L Q,et al.Regulating pyrolysis strategy to construct CNTs-linked porous cubic prussian blue analogue derivatives for lightweight and broadband microwave absorption[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2022,430:132879.
[7] Hao M,Hu Z,Huang Y,et al.Enhanced both in-plane and through-thickness thermal conductivity of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by fabricating high thermal conductive coaxial PAN/PBO carbon fibers[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2022,229:109468.
[8] Hou M,Du Z,Liu Y,et al.Reduced graphene oxide loaded with magnetic nanoparticles for tunable low frequency microwave absorption[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2022,913:165137
[9] Singh S K,Akhtar M J,Kar K K.Hierarchical carbon nanotube-coated carbon fiber:ultra lightweight,thin,and highly efficient microwave absorber[J].ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2018,10(29):24816-24828.
[10] Liu Z,Cui Y,Li Q,et al.Fabrication of folded MXene/MoS2 composite microspheres with optimal composition and their microwave absorbing properties[J].J Colloid Interface Sci,2022,607(1):633-644.
[11] Ranjkesh Z,Nasouri K.Facile synthesis of novel porous nickel/carbon fibers obtained from cigarette butts for high-frequency microwave absorption[J].J Environ Chem Eng,2022,10(1):106969.
[12] Fang Y,Liu Y X,Qi L,et al.2D graphdiyne:an emerging carbon material[J].Chem Soc Rev,2022,51(7):2681-2709.
[13] Bi Y X,Ma M L,Liu Y Y,et al.Microwave absorption enhancement of 2-dimensional CoZn/C@MoS2@PPy compo-sites derived from metal-organic framework[J].J Colloid Interf Sci,2021,600:209-218.
[14] Tian C H,Du Y C,Xu P,et al.Constructing uniform core-shell PPy@PANI composites with tunable shell thickness toward enhancement in microwave absorption[J].ACS Appl Mater Inter,2015,7(36):20090-20099.
[15] Dai X J,Zhou Q,Dong L C,et al.Nickel iron layered double hydroxide nanostructures composited with carbonyl iron powder for microwave absorption[J].ACS Appl Nano Mater,2023,6(5):3472-3483.
[16] Liu M M,He Q X,Yuan S L,et al.Designing a microstructure of NiCo-LDH@CNTs@carbon foam for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption and excellent environmental tolerance[J].ACS Appl Mater Inter,2024,16(35):46634-46645.
[17] Li S,Xie T,Ma L,et al.Advanced bifunctional bionic neural network-like architecture constructed by multi-scale carbon nanotubes nanocomposites for enhanced microwave absorption[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2024,284:111714.
[18] Liu S,Zhang F,Chao B,et al.Based on the preparation of dual-absorber agents using Ni and Ni/rGO for the fabrication of a dual honeycomb nested structure for wideband microwave absorption[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2024,284:111735.
[19] Li W,Qi H,Guo F,et al.Co nanoparticles supported on cotton-based carbon fibers:a novel broadband microwave absorbent[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2019,772:760-769.
[20] Li D,Guo K,Wang F,et al.Enhanced microwave absorption properties in C band of Ni/C porous nanofibers prepared by electrospinning[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2019,800:294-304.
[21] Wang F,Sun Y,Li D,et al.Microwave absorption properties of 3D cross-linked Fe/C porous nanofibers prepared by electrospinning[J].Carbon,2018,134:264-273.
[22] Ma M,Liao Z,Su X,et al.Magnetic CoNi alloy particles embedded N-doped carbon fibers with polypyrrole for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2022,608:2203-2212.
[23] Cheng J B,Zhao H B,Zhang A N,et al.Porous carbon/Fe composites from waste fabric for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption[J].Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2022,126:266-274.
[24] Wang B,Wu Q,Fu Y,et al.A review on carbon/magnetic metal composites for microwave absorption[J].Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2021,86:91-109.
[25] Guo Y M,Li X X,Ge D W,et al.Hollow Co9S8-carbon fiber hierarchical heterojunction with schottky contacts for tunable microwave absorption[J].Appl Surf Sci,2024,671:160708.
[26] Yan X,Ji T,Ye W,et al.Surface modification of activated carbon fibers with Fe3O4 for enhancing their electromagnetic wave absorption property[J].Journal of Nanomaterials,2020,2020:1-14.
[27] Dai B,Qi Y,Song M,et al.Facile synthesis of core-shell structured C/Fe3O4 composite fiber electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with multiple loss mechanisms[J].The Journal of Chemical Physics,2022,157(11):114705.
[28] Liu Y,Chen Z,Xie W,et al.In-situ growth and graphitization synthesis of porous Fe3O4/carbon fiber composites derived from biomass as lightweight microwave absorber[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2019,7(5):5318-5328.
[29] Wang X,Zhang L,Ding E,et al.Seed-assisted in situ ZIF-8 growth on carbon nanofibers for enhanced microwave absorption[J].Carbon,2023,214:118316.
[30] Cui Y,Yang K,Lyu Y,et al.Hollow nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers filled with MnO2 nanoparticles/nanosheets as high-performance microwave absorbing materials[J].Carbon,2022,196:49-58.
[31] Zhou Y,Chen L,Jian M,et al.Recent research progress of ferrite multielement microwave absorbing composites[J].Advanced Engineering Materials,2022,24(12):2200526.
[32] Zhang F,Li N,Shi J F,et al.Recent progress on carbon-based microwave absorption materials for multifunctional applications:a review[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2024,283:111646.
[33] Chen J,Zheng J,Wang F,et al.Carbon fibers embedded with FeⅢ-MOF-5-derived composites for enhanced microwave absorption[J].Carbon,2021,174:509-517.
[34] Zhang F,Li N,Shi J F,et al.Cation bimetallic MOF anchored carbon fiber for highly efficient microwave absorption[J].Small,2024,20(32):2312135.
[35] Jia H,He L,Ye W,et al.High-performance absorbing material with FeCo-MOF pyrolysis-derived microspheres embedded on the surface of multilayer carbon magnetic heterostructure carbon fibers[J].Surfaces and Interfaces,2024,52:104930.
[36] Yang M,Yuan Y,Li Y,et al.Dramatically enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption of hierarchical CNT/Co/C fiber derived from cotton and metal-organic-framework[J].Carbon,2020,161:517-527.
[37] Li C,Qian X,Hao M,et al.Outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance of polyacrylonitrile-based ultrahigh modulus carbon fibers decorated with CoZn-bimetallic ZIFs[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2023,950:169912.
[38] Ma M,Bi Y,Tong Z,et al.Recent progress of MOF-derived porous carbon materials for microwave absorption[J].RSC Adv,2021,11(27):16572-16591.
[39] Yu D,Shi G M,Shi F N,et al.N-doped carbon nanofiber embedded with TiN nanoparticles:a type of efficient microwave absorbers with lightweight and wide-bandwidth[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2022,920:165791.
[40] Zhang Y,Zhang Y,Liu H,et al.TiN/Fe2N/C composite with stable and broadband high-temperature microwave absorption[J].International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2024,31(11):2508-2517.
[41] Li D F,Huang J L,Tsui L J,et al.Formation of BN films on carbon fibers by dip-coating[J].Surf Coat Tech,2002,150(2/3):269-276.
[42] Sun Q,Ye W,Cheng J,et al.Effects of boron nitride coatings at high temperatures and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of carbon fiber-based magnetic materials[J].Journal of Nanomaterials,2020,2020:1-12.
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(52403123)
PDF
