随着工业技术的不断发展,水污染日益严重,重金属、染料和药物分子等污染物随意排放,对人类健康构成威胁。吸附法因吸附效率高、成本低、操作简单等优点,在污染物去除领域得到广泛应用。生物炭在吸附材料中占据重要地位,但原始生物炭的比表面积、孔隙率、官能团种类等理化性质不够理想。为了进一步提高吸附能力,常常通过化学和物理方法来对生物炭作改性处理。完成吸附的生物炭以及其他废弃吸附剂常采用掩埋或焚烧的方法进行处理,这会对环境造成二次污染,尽管使用解吸试剂可将污染物洗脱,但解吸试剂往往会破坏生物炭原始结构,降低再利用率。目前,保留吸附剂负载的污染物,并将废弃吸附剂应用在催化、二次吸附、能源存储以及其他领域得到了初步研究,表现出较好的再利用率,为吸附剂的废物利用打开了新的思路。对生物炭常见的改性方法、实际吸附应用和其他类型废弃吸附剂的二次应用进行了总结,拓宽了废弃吸附剂的可应用领域,为废弃吸附剂的可持续应用提供论证。
With the continuous development of industrial technology,water pollution is becoming more and more serious,and heavy metals,dyes and drug molecules are released at will,posing a threat to human health.Because of the advantages of high adsorption efficiency,low cost and simple operation,adsorption method is widely used in the field of pollutant removal.Biochar occupies an important position in adsorbent materials,but the physical and chemical properties of virgin biochar,such as specific surface area,porosity,and functional group types,are not satisfactory.In order to further improve the adsorption capacity,biochar is often modified by chemical and physical methods.Biochar and other waste adsorbents that have been adsorbed are often disposed of by burying or incineration,which can cause secondary pollution to the environment.Although pollutants can be eluted by using desorption reagents,the desorption reagents tend to destroy the original structure of the biochar and reduce the reutilization rate.At present,the retention of adsorbent-loaded pollutants and the application of waste adsorbents in catalysis,secondary adsorption,energy storage,and other fields have been preliminarily investigated,showing a better reuse rate,which opens up a new way of thinking about the waste utilization of adsorbents.This paper summarized the common modification methods of biochar,practical adsorption applications and secondary applications of other types of waste adsorbents,which broadened the applicable fields of waste adsorbents and provided a basis for the sustainable application of waste adsorbents.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(32371804和12104015);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210203134SF);吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目(JJKH20230057KJ)
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