以聚磷酸铵(APP)和季戊四醇(PER)为原料组成的膨胀阻燃剂(IFR),以热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)为聚合物成炭剂,采用熔融共混法对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)进行阻燃改性,并考察IFR分布位置对PBS/TPU共混物阻燃性能的影响。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧、锥形量热分析、热重分析、流变性能测试和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对PBS/TPU/IFR阻燃复合材料进行了测试与表征。结果表明:成炭剂TPU的加入,可显著地提高PBS/IFR共混体系的阻燃性能,如当体系中不含TPU时,IFR含量为20%时,PBS/IFR共混体系的LOI为20.0%,UL 94垂直燃烧等级为无等级;而当体系中加入TPU后,不管IFR分布位置如何,其LOI可达28%左右,UL 94垂直燃烧等级为V-2。在IFR含量为25%时,IFR的分布位置对阻燃性能也有影响,当IFR直接分布于PBS相时,其UL 94垂直燃烧等级为V-0,优于IFR分布于TPU相的V-2级。
The polybutylene succinate (PBS)/intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composites composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) as raw materials were prepared by melt blending method with thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) as a polymer charring agent.The influence of IFR distribution on the flame retardancy of PBS/TPU blends was investigated.The PBS/TPU/IFR flame retardant composites were tested and characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI),vertical combustion,cone calorimetry,thermogravimetry,rheological property test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results showed that the addition of charring agent TPU could significantly improve the flame retardancy of PBS/IFR blends.For example,the LOI of PBS/IFR blend without TPU was 20.0% and the UL 94 vertical combustion grade was no grade when the IFR content was 20%.The LOI could reach about 28% and the UL 94 vertical combustion level was V-2 when TPU was introduced to PBS/IFR system.The distribution position of IFR also affected the flame retardance of PBS/TPU/IFR blends when the content of IFR was 25%.For example,the UL 94 vertical combustion grade of blend was V-0 when IFR was directly distributed in PBS phase,which was better than the V-2 grade when the IFR was distributed in TPU phase.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51673059);河南省科技攻关项目(212102210636);高端轴承摩擦学技术与应用国家地方联合工程实验室开放基金项目(201813);河南科技大学SRTP项目(2022182);河南科技大学特聘教授启动基金项目(13510002)
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