相较于传统纤维材料,纳米纤维膜因其高比表面积和超细孔隙率更适合用作空气过滤材料,此外传统的聚丙烯(PP)过滤材料亲水性差,水汽易聚集从而降低其过滤性能;针对传统空气过滤材料亲水性差的问题,基于静电纺丝的方法,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和强亲水性的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为纺丝原料,制备了PAN/PVP纳米纤维膜,探讨了亲水材料PVP对其纳米纤维膜亲水和过滤性能的影响。采用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜表征了纳米纤维膜的结构,由于亲水性材料PVP的引入,纺丝时纤维中静电导通性好,纺丝液能很好地被拉伸,使纤维直径变小,PVP添加质量为30%时纳米纤维膜的平均直径最小为358.12nm;此外,PVP的引入提高了纳米纤维膜的亲水性能,PVP添加质量为40%时其静态接触角为(11.5±2.5)°;但纳米过滤膜亲水性的增加会影响其过滤效率,PVP添加质量为10%时纳米纤维膜的过滤效率最高为83.4%±3.6%,纤维膜克重为1.17g/m2时品质因子最高为0.10Pa-1,纳米纤维膜具有优异的循环稳定性,300min内过滤稳定性好且过滤压力较低,可应用于对循环过滤性能有更高要求的空气过滤材料领域。
Due to its high specific surface area and ultra-fine porosity,nanofibrous membrane is more suitable for use as an air filtration material than traditional fiber materials.In addition,traditional polypropylene (PP) filtration materials have poor hydrophilicity and water vapor tends to accumulate,thus reducing their filtration performance.To solve the problem of poor hydrophilicity of traditional air filtration materials,PAN/PVP nanofibrous membranes were prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and very hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by electrostatic spinning.The effects of hydrophilic PVP on the hydrophilicity and filtration properties of nanofibrous membranes were investigated.The nanofibrous membranes was structurally characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The introduced hydrophilic PVP provided the good electrostatic conductivity in the fiber during spinning,so the spinning solution could be stretched well to make fiber diameter smaller.The nanofibrous membrane with the PVP content of 30wt% had an average diameter of 358.12nm.Moreover,the introduction of PVP improved the hydrophilicity of nanofibrous membranes.The nanofibrous membranes with the PVP content of 40wt% had a static contact angle of (11.5±2.5)°.For nanofibrous membrane,however,the increase of its hydrophilicity affected its filtration efficiency.The nanofibrous membrane with the PVP content of 10wt% had the highest filtration efficiency of 83.4%±3.6%,and the highest quality factor of 0.10Pa-1 at fiber membrane weight of 1.17g/m2.The nanofibrous membranes had excellent cyclical stability,good filtration stability and low filtration pressure within 300min,which could be applied in the field of air filtration materials that had higher requirements for cycling filtration performance.
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基金资助
上海市“扬帆计划”人才项目(19YF1417800)
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