为实现高性能有机酚醛纤维在热防护材料上的应用,初步探索了酚醛纤维在不同橡胶基绝热材料上的应用,制备了酚醛纤维复合的丁腈绝热层(NBR/PF10)、三元乙丙绝热层(EPDM/PF10)、聚磷腈绝热层(PDPP/PF10)和硅橡胶绝热层(Silicone/PF10);通过热失重分析、万能拉力试验机、SEM、氧-乙炔烧蚀方法等研究了4种绝热层的耐热性能、硫化特性、力学性能、与铝片之间的粘接性能以及耐烧蚀性能。结果表明:PDPP/PF10具有最优异的耐热性能和耐烧蚀性能;NBR/PF10拉伸强度最高,与铝片粘接性能较强;Silicone/PF10强度较低,粘接性能较弱,且烧蚀炭层脱落严重;EPDM/PF10加工性能优异,但耐烧蚀性能较差。酚醛纤维优异的瞬时耐高温性有望在柔性橡胶基绝热材料尤其是在NBR绝热层和PDPP绝热层上实现耐烧蚀纤维填料的应用。
In order to realize the application of the high performance organic phenolic fiber in thermal protection materials,phenolic fiber-based ethylene-propylene-diene monomer insulation (EPDM/PF10),nitrile butadiene rubber insulation (NBR/PF10),poly(diaryloxyphosphazene) insulation (PDPP/PF10),and silicone insulation (Silicone/PF10) were prepared to preliminarily explore the application of phenolic fiber in different elastomer-based insulations.The thermal stability,vulcanization,mechanical properties,adhesive strength with Al,and ablative properties of these four insulations were studied by means of TGA,SEM,universal testing machine,and oxy-acetylene testing.The result showed that PDPP/PF10 had the best thermal stability and ablation resistance.NBR/PF10 had the highest tensile strength and strong bonding performance with aluminum sheet.Silicone/PF10 had lower strength and weaker adhesion performance,and the ablated charred layer was seriously shed.EPDM/PF10 had excellent processing performance,whereas exhibited poor ablation resistance.The excellent instantaneous high temperature resistance of phenolic fiber was expected to be applied as ablation-resistant fiber fillers in flexible elastomer-based insulations,especially in NBR insulation layer and PDPP insulation layer.
[1] Ahmed A F,Hoa S V.Thermal insulation by heat resistant polymers for solid rocket motor insulation[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2012,46(13):1549-1559.
[2] Natali M,Kenny J M,Torre L.Science and technology of polymeric ablative materials for thermal protection systems and propulsion devices:a review[J].Progress in Materials Science,2016,84:192-275.
[3] 肖冰,田小涛,王绍增,等.绝热层厚度对自由装填固体火箭发动机烤燃特性的影响[J].固体火箭技术,2021(10):1-9.
[4] George K,Panda B P,Mohanty S,et al.Recent developments in elastomeric heat shielding materials for solid rocket motor casing application for future perspective[J].Polymers Advanced Technologies,2018,29(1):8-21.
[5] 宋月贤,郑元锁,袁安国,等.芳纶短纤维增强橡胶耐烧蚀柔性绝热层材料的研究进展[J].橡胶工业,2001,48(11):697-699.
[6] 刘辉,曾金芳,余惠琴,等.耐烧蚀柔性绝热层材料的研究现状及发展趋势[J].特种橡胶制品,2019,40(3):60-64.
[7] Bocchio J A,Escobar M M,Amado J C Q.Ablative properties of polyurethanes reinforced with organoclay[J].Polymer Engineering & Science,2020,60(3):630-635.
[8] Wu J,Zhang S,Basharat M,et al.Performances of novel poly(diaryloxyphosphazene) based heat shielding materials with various fibrous reinforcements[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2021,138(41):51222.
[9] 曹继平,肖啸,魏乐,等.自由装填推进剂用含醛基/烯丙基芳氧基聚磷腈包覆按材料(I):制备、硫化特性及力学性能[J].火炸药学报,2019,42(5):504-510.
[10] 曹继平,肖啸,魏乐,等.自由装填推进剂用含醛基/烯丙基芳氧基聚磷腈包覆研究(Ⅱ):耐热、耐烧蚀性能及应用[J].火炸药学报,2019,42(6):577-582.
[11] Han Z,Qi S,Liu W,et al.Surface-modified polyimide fiber-filled ethylenepropylenediene monomer insulations for a solid rocket motor:processing,morphology,and properties[J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2013,52(3):1284-1290.
[12] Zhao Y,Hu S,Liu W,et al.Nitrile butadiene rubber-based heat-shielding insulations for solid rocket motors:effect of polyimide fibrous reinforcement on the morphology and properties[J].High Performance Polymers,2015,27(2):153-160.
[13] Zhang S,Zhang P,Ali S,et al.Effects of PAN-based carbon fibers and its precusors on ethylenepropylenediene monomer insulations:morphology and properties[J].Polymer Composites,2017,39(9):3336-3340.
[14] 马小丰,李建华,吴剑,等.酚醛短切纤维对EPDM绝热材料性能的影响[J].塑料工业,2019,47(7):31-34.
[15] 王慧,欧章明,薛奎,等.酚醛纤维的制备、性能及其应用研究进展[J].天津造纸,2020,42(3):16-21.
[16] Natali M,Rallini M,Puglia D,et al.EPDM based heat shielding materials for solid rocket motors:a comparative study of different fibrous reinforcements[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2013,98(11):2131-2139.
[17] 李建华,王亚涛,马小丰,等.一种酚醛纤维的制备方法:11501114.A[P].2020-05-15.
PDF
