气凝胶通常是指内部充满气体介质,外部为固体骨架,空间呈三维网络结构且由纳米聚合物链组成的多孔材料,由于其超低的密度、超高的孔隙率、超大的孔体积和超高比表面积等结构特点使气凝胶在催化、储能、环保、保温等领域得到了广泛的应用。对位芳纶纳米纤维(ANFs)是近年来开发的一种新型高分子纳米纤维材料,它既保留了宏观对位芳纶纤维的结构特性与优异的机械性能和热稳定性,同时,其独特的纳米尺度形态又赋予其新颖的物理化学特性,使其成为构建高性能复合材料极具潜力的“增强构筑单元”,将对位芳纶以纳米纤维的形式制成气凝胶材料,有望拓宽对位芳纶下游产品的应用范围。系统介绍了ANFs气凝胶的发展以及特性,归纳了ANFs气凝胶的主要制备方法,介绍了ANFs气凝胶在隔热材料、复合增强材料、吸附过滤等方面的应用,并对ANFs未来发展可能面临的挑战进行了展望。
Aerogels are usually porous materials composed of a three-dimensional network structure of nano-polymer chains with an internal gas-filled medium and an external solid skeleton.They are widely used in the fields of catalysis,energy storage,environmental protection and thermal insulation due to their ultra-low density,ultra-high porosity,large pore volume and ultra-high specific surface area.Para-aramid Nanofibers (ANFs) are a new type of polymeric nanofiber material developed in recent years.They retain the structural properties,excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability,meanwhile their unique nanoscale morphology gives them novel physicochemical properties,making them a highly promising “reinforcing building block” for building high-performance composites.The use of para-aramid as an aerogel material in the form of nanofibers is expected to broaden the scope of application of downstream products of para-aramid.This paper systematically introduced the development as well as the properties of ANFs aerogels,summarized the main preparation methods of ANFs aerogels,described the applications of ANFs aerogels in thermal insulation materials,composite reinforcement materials,adsorption and filtration,and discussed the possible challenges that ANFs might face in the future development.
[1] Zhao S,Siqueira G,Drdova S,et al.Additive manufacturing of silica aerogels[J].Nature,2020,584(7821):387-392.
[2] 付俊杰,袁美玉,徐世玉,等.气凝胶传感材料研究进展[J].南京工业大学学报(自然科学版),2022,44(3):249-260.
[3] 张晓雪,刘亚丹,鞠丽,等.气凝胶在节能环保领域的应用[J].建材发展导向,2022,20(8):7-9.
[4] Berardi U.The benefits of using aerogel-enhanced systems in building retrofits[J].Energy procedia,2017,134:626-635.
[5] Liu Z,Lyu J,Fang D,et al.Nanofibrous kevlar aerogel threads for thermal insulation in harsh environments[J].ACS Nano,2019,13(5):5703-5711.
[6] Arfaoui J,Ghorbel A,Petitto C,et al.Novel V2O5-CeO2-TiO2-$SO_{4}^{2-}$ nanostructured aerogel catalyst for the low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 in excess O2[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2018,224:264-275.
[7] Ren L,Hui K,Hui K,et al.3D hierarchical porous graphene aerogel with tunable meso-pores on graphene nanosheets for high-performance energy storage[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5(1):1-12.
[8] Chen X,Yang Y,Guan Y,et al.A solar-heated antibacterial sodium alginate aerogel for highly efficient cleanup of viscous oil spills[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2022,621:241-253.
[9] Gao Q F,Feng J,Zhang C R,et al.Mechanical properties of aerogel-ceramic fiber composites[J] Advanced Materials Research,2010,105:94-99.
[10] Shao Zhenzong,Okubayashi Satoko.Preparation of p-aramid aerogels using supercritical CO2[J].Journal of Fiber Science and Technology,2014,70(10):233-239.
[11] Zaman A,Huang F,Jiang M,et al.Preparation,properties,and applications of natural cellulosic aerogels:a review[J].Energy and Built Environment,2020,1(1):60-76.
[12] Li C,Gong Z,Ding L,et al.Synthesis of low shrinkage monolith alumina aerogels by surface modification and ambient pressure drying[J].Micro & Nano Letters,2018,13(9):1240-1244.
[13] He Y L,Xie T.Advances of thermal conductivity models of nanoscale silica aerogel insulation material[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,81:28-50.
[14] Guo H,Meador M A B,Mccorkle L,et al.Tailoring properties of cross-linked polyimide aerogels for better moisture resistance,flexibility,and strength[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2012,4(10):5422-5429.
[15] Prakash S S,Brinker C J,Hurd A J,et al.Silica aerogel films prepared at ambient pressure by using surface derivatization to induce reversible drying shrinkage[J].Nature,1995,374(6521):439-443.
[16] 陈旻. 芳纶纤维聚合生产技术发展现状[J].浙江化工,2021,52(12):14-18.
[17] Cheng Q,Sheng Z,Wang Y,et al.General suspended rinting strategy towpard programmatically spatial Kevlar aerogels[J].ACS Nano,2022,16(3):4905-4916.
[18] Du A,Zhou B,Zhang Z,et al.A special material or a new state of matter:a review and reconsideration of the aerogel[J].Materials,2013,6(3):941-968.
[19] Yang M,Cao K,Sui L,et al.Dispersions of aramid nanofibers:a new nanoscale building block[J].ACS Nano,2011,5(9):6945-6954.
[20] Yang B,Wang L,Zhang M,et al.Timesaving,high-efficiency approaches to fabricate aramid nanofibers[J].ACS Nano,2019,13(7):7886-7897.
[21] Luo J,Zhang M,Yang B,et al.Fabrication and characterization of differentiated aramid nanofibers and transparent films[J].Applied Nanoscience,2019,9(5):631-645.
[22] Reneker D H,Yarin A L.Electrospinning jets and polymer nanofibers[J].Polymer,2008,49(10):2387-2425.
[23] 陈纤. 纳米芳纶气凝胶纤维的制备及其性能研究[D].上海:东华大学,2021.
[24] Yan H,Li J,Tian W,et al.A new approach to the preparation of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) nanofibers[J].RSC advances,2016,6(32):26599-26605.
[25] Yao J,Jin J,Lepore E,et al.Electrospinning of paramid fibers[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2015,300(12):1238-1245.
[26] Ifuku S,Maeta H,Izawa H,et al.Facile preparation of aramid nanofibers from Twaron fibers by a downsizing process[J].RSC Advances,2014,4(76):40377-40380.
[27] Xu K,Zhan L,Yan R,et al.Enhanced air filtration performances by coating aramid nanofibres on a melt-blown nonwoven[J].Nanoscale,2022,14(2):419-427.
[28] 桓珊. 芳纶纳米纤维气凝胶的结构设计与性能研究[D].天津:天津工业大学,2021.
[29] Sun H,Xu Z,Gao C.Multifunctional,ultra-flyweight,synergistically assembled carbon aerogels[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(18):2554-2560.
[30] Hu F,Wu S,Sun Y.Hollow-structured materials for thermal insulation[J].Advanced Materials,2019,31(38):1801001.
[31] Lazzari L K,Perondi D,Zampieri V B,et al.Cellulose/biochar aerogels with excellent mechanical and thermal insulation properties[J].Cellulose,2019,26(17):9071-9083.
[32] 李承东,陈照峰,姚伯龙,等.硅基气凝胶绝热复合材料的研究进展[J].功能材料,2019,50(4):4007-4011,4016.
[33] Tan C,Fung B M,Newman J K,et al.Organic aerogels with very high impact strength[J].Advanced Materials,2001,13(9):644-646.
[34] Hu Y,Yang G,Zhou J,et al.Proton donor-regulated mechanically robust aramid nanofiber aerogel membranes for high-temperature thermal insulation[J].ACS Nano,2022,16(4):5984-5993.
[35] Li H,Wang Q,Hu Y,et al.Aramid fibril aerogel from steam-exploded PPTA pulp for thermal insulation[J].Journal of Polymer Research,2022,29(4):1-5.
[36] Xie C,Liu S,Zhang Q,et al.Macroscopic-scale preparation of aramid nanofiber aerogel by modified freezing-drying method[J].ACS Nano,2021,15(6):10000-10009.
[37] 吴晓栋,宋梓豪,王伟,等.气凝胶材料的研究进展[J].南京工业大学学报(自然科学版),2020,42(4):405-451.
[38] 胡沛英. 芳纶纳米纤维基功能复合气凝胶的设计制备与应用研究[D].海口:海南大学,2020.
[39] Zhang X,Ni X,He M,et al.A synergistic strategy for fabricating an ultralight and thermal insulating aramid nanofiber/polyimide aerogel[J].Materials Chemistry Frontiers,2021,5(2):804-816.
[40] Wu Y,Jin M,Huang Y,et al.Insights into the prospective aerogel scaffolds composed of chitosan/aramid nanofibers for tissue engineering[J].ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2022,4(7):4643-4652.
[41] Li J,Wang J,Wang W,et al.Symbiotic aerogel fibers made via in-situ gelation of aramid nanofibers with polyamidoxime for uranium extraction[J].Molecules,2019,24(9):1821.
[42] Yang B,Wang L,Zhang M,et al.Fabrication,applications,and prospects of aramid nanofiber[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2020,30(22):2000186.
[43] Nie C,Peng Z,Yang Y,et al.Kevlar based nanofibrous particles as robust,effective and recyclable absorbents for water purification[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,318:255-265.
[44] 吴自亮. 芳纶纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及其性能探究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2021.
[45] Gan L,Qiu F,Yue X,et al.Aramid nanofiber aerogel membrane extract from waste plastic for efficient separation of surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2021,9(5):106137.
[46] Zhao G,Zhao H,Shi L,et al.In situ loading MnO2 onto 3D Aramid nanofiber aerogel as high-performance lead adsorbent[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2021,600:403-411.
[47] 桓珊,赵国栋,李晓捷,等.芳纶复合纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及其性能研究[J].合成纤维,2021,50(6):30-35.
[48] 李健,张恩爽,刘圆圆,等.超低密度气凝胶的制备及应用[J].化学进展,2020,32(6):713-726.
[49] Zhou B,Han G,Zhang Z,et al.Aramid nanofiber-derived carbon aerogel film with skin-core structure for high electromagnetic interference shielding and solar-thermal conversion[J].Carbon,2021,184:562-570.
[50] Sheng L,Li Z,Hsueh C H,et al.Suppression of lithium dendrite by aramid nanofibrous aerogel separator[J].Journal of Power Sources,2021,515:230608.
PDF
