现代科技的发展对碳纤维提出了高性能和低成本的要求。与聚丙烯腈基和中间相沥青基碳纤维相比,各向同性沥青基碳纤维在生产成本上具备明显优势,但其力学性能相对较低。厘清各向同性沥青及其制备工艺、微观结构和力学性能之间的关联关系,大幅度提升其力学性能,是进一步拓展其工业应用的必由之路。首先系统评述了各向同性沥青的合成、纺丝、预氧化及碳化工艺,分析了工艺参数对碳纤维结构和力学性能的影响,指明了提升碳纤维力学性能的关键因素和控制策略。然后介绍了各向同性沥青基碳纤维主要的应用领域。最后提出了高性能各向同性沥青基碳纤维生产过程中面临的挑战以及今后的研究方向。
Modern science and technology development requires carbon fibers with high performance and low cost.Isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers have obvious advantages in production cost compared to polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers and mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers;however,the poor strength performance limits their application.Clarifying the correlation among the preparation process,microstructure and mechanical properties of isotropic pitch is a necessary way to significantly improve the mechanical properties and further expand its industrial application.This paper reviewed the synthesis,spinning,pre-oxidation and carbonization processes of the isotropic pitch.The effects of process parameters on the structure and mechanical properties of carbon fibers were analyzed.The key factors and control strategies for improving the mechanical properties of carbon fibers were pointed out.Then the main application fields of isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers were introduced.Finally,the challenges and future research directions in the production of high performance isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers were presented.
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