以干燥荷叶为前驱体,经一步活化制备氮氧共掺杂层次孔炭。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、氮气吸附仪、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱对层次孔炭的形貌及微观结构进行表征。结果表明:当KOH与前驱体的质量比为1,活化温度为700℃时制备的层次孔炭(AC-1-700)呈现出不规则虫孔状形貌和相互连通的炭骨架,具备高比表面积(1229m2/g)、高总孔容(0.550cm3/g)、适度中孔率(18.7%)和高氮氧掺杂量(3.68% N和12.35% O)。在这些特征的协同作用下,在3mol/L KOH电解液体系中AC-1-700//AC-1-700超级电容器在0.05A/g电流密度下的单电极质量比电容达到260F/g,即使在5A/g下比电容仍保持208F/g。充放电循环10000次后电容保持率高达96.6%。
N,O co-doped hierarchical porous carbons were directly prepared via one-pot KOH activation from dried lotus leaf.The morphology and microstructure of the as-obtained hierarchical porous carbons were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM),transmission electron microscope (TEM),nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms,powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns,Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).Porous carbon obtained at 700 °C with the KOH/precursor mass ratio of 1 (denoted as AC-1-700) exhibited a wormhole-like morphology with interconnected carbon frameworks.It also presented a high specific surface area (1229 m2/g),high total pore volume (0.550cm3/g),moderate mesoporous porosity (18.7%),rich nitrogen (3.68%) and oxygen (12.35%) doping.Under the synergy of these features,the electrode in AC-1-700//AC-1-700 supercapacitor delivered high specific capacitance (260F/g at 0.05A/g),good rate performance (208F/g at 5A/g) and remarkable cycling stability (96.6% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles) in 3M KOH aqueous solution.
[1] Xing Baolin,Yuan Ruifu,Zhang Chuanxiang,et al.Facile synthesis of graphene nanosheets from humic acid for supercapacitors[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2017,165:112-122.
[2] Li Yintao,Pi Yutong,Lu Liming,et al.Hierarchical porous active carbon from fallen leaves by synergy of K2CO3 and their supercapacitor performance[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,299:519-528.
[3] Zhang Tong,Kong LingBin,Liu Maocheng,et al.Design and preparation of MoO2/MoS2 as negative electrode materials for supercapacitors[J].Materials and Design,2016,112:88-96.
[4] Dong Bitao,Li Mingyan,Chen Sheng,et al.Formation of g-C3N4@Ni(OH)2 honeycomb nanostructure and asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy and power density[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2017,9:17890-17896.
[5] Yuan Dingsheng,Zhou Tianxiang,Zhou Shuangli,et al.Nitrogen-enriched carbon nanowires from the direct carbonization of polyaniline nanowires and its electrochemical properties[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2011,13:242-246.
[6] Zhu Jianbo,Xu Youlong,Zhang Yuan,et al.Porous and high electronic conductivity nitrogen-doped nano-sheet carbon derived from polypyrrole for high-power supercapacitors[J].Carbon,2016,107:638-645.
[7] 张超.掺杂层次孔碳的制备及电化学性能研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2016.
[8] Geng Weidan,Ma Fangwei,Wu Guang,et al.MgO-templated hierarchical porous carbon sheets derived from coal tar pitch for supercapacitors[J].Electrochimica Acta,2016,191:854-863.
[9] Wang Shumin,Gao Tingting,Li Yan,et al.Fabrication of vesicular polyaniline using hard templates and composites with graphene for supercapacitor[J].Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,2017,21(3):705-714.
[10] He Xiaojun,Li Xiaojing,Ma Hao,et al.ZnO template strategy for the synthesis of 3D interconnected graphene nanocapsules from coal tar pitch as supercapacitor electrode materials[J].Journal of Power Sources,2017,340:183-191.
[11] Zhang Yafei,Zhang Chuanxiang,Huang Guangxu,et al.Tailoring the textural properties of hierarchical hierarchical porous carbons for supercapacitors[J].Materials Letters,2015,159:377-380.
[12] Wang Kai,Zhao Ning,Lei Shiwen,et al.Promising biomass-based activated carbons derived from willow catkins for high performance supercapacitors[J].Electrochimica Acta,2015,166:1-11.
[13] Bhattacharjya Dhrubajyoti,Yu Jongsung.Activated carbon made from cow dung as electrode material for electrochemical double layer capacitor[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,262(4):224-231.
[14] Han Xiuli,Jiang Haixia,Zhou Yong,et al.A high performance nitrogen-doped porous activated carbon for supercapacitor derived from pueraria[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,744:544-551.
[15] Zhang Zhongjie,Dong Cheng,Ding Xingyu,et al.A generalized ZnCl2 activation method to produce nitrogen-containing nanoporous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications[J].Journal of Alloys & Compounds,2015,636:275-281.
[16] Kang Xiaonan,Zhu Hui,Wang Chuanyi,et al.Biomass derived hierarchically porous and heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitors[J].Journal of Colloid & Interface Science,2018,509:369-383.
[17] Liu Bei,Liu Yijiang,Chen Hongbiao,et al.Oxygen and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon nanosheets derived from Perilla frutescens for high volumetric performance supercapacitors[J].Journal of Power Sources,2017,341:309-317.
[18] Cai Yijin,Luo Ying,Xiao Yong,et al.Facile synthesis of three-dimensional heteroatom-doped and hierarchical egg-box-like carbons derived from moringa oleifera branches for high-performance supercapacitors[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2016,8(48):33060-33071.
[19] He Duanpeng,Niu Jin,Dou Meiling,et al.Nitrogen and oxygen co-doped carbon networks with a mesopore-dominant hierarchical porosity for high energy and power density supercapacitors[J].Electrochimica Acta,2017,238:310-318.
[20] Huang Wentao,Zhang Hao,Huang Yaqin,et al.Hierarchical porous carbon obtained from animal bone and evaluation in electric double-layer capacitors[J].Carbon,2011,49:838-843.
[21] Zhou Jie,Bao Li,Wu Shengji,et al.Chitin based heteroatom-doped porous carbon as electrode materials for supercapacitors[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2017,173:321-329.
[22] Zhu Hui,Wang Xiaolei,Yang Fan,et al.Promising carbons for supercapacitors derived from fungi[J].Advanced Materials,2011,23:2745-2748.
[23] 康伟伟,黄光许,张传祥,等.西瓜皮基层次孔炭的制备及其电化学性能[J].材料导报,2015,29(20):18-22.
[24] 张双杰,黄光许,邢宝林,等.柚子皮基层次孔炭的制备及电化学性能[J].材料导报,2016,30(2):28-
[25] 邢宝林,陈丽薇,张传祥,等.玉米芯活性炭的制备及其电化学性能研究[J].材料导报,2015,29(6):45-48.
[26] 周王帆,陈新,曹红亮,等.法国梧桐枯叶基活性炭的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用[J].化工学报,2017,68(7):2918-2924.
[27] Xing Baolin,Huang Guangxu,Chen Zhengfei,et al.Facile preparation of hierarchical hierarchical porous carbons for supercapacitors by direct carbonization of potassium humate[J].Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,2017,21(1):263-271.
[28] Zhao Yongqing,Lu Min,Tao Pengyu,et al.Hierarchically porous and heteroatom doped carbon derived from tobacco rods for supercapacitors[J].Journal of Power Sources,2016,307:391-400.
[29] Chen Lifeng,Zhang Xudong,Liang Haiwei,et al.Synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors[J].ACS Nano,2012,6(8):7092-7102.
[30] Li Zhi,Zhang Li,Tan Xuehai,et al.Carbonized chicken eggshell membranes with 3D architectures as high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2012,2(4):431-437.
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51974110和52074109);河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目(21HASTIT008);河南省科技攻关项目(202102210183);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010460063)
PDF
