目前化石能源被过渡的开采,且燃烧时放出大量的有害气体和温室气体。因此,寻找新的可再生的清洁能源成为全人类亟待解决的重大问题。采用光催化分解水产氢可以实现太阳能向氢能的转化,为解决能源和环境问题提供了新思路。如何开发出可见光吸收范围宽、价格低廉、绿色环保的光催化剂已成为目前科研人员研究的重要方向。g-C3N4因具有良好的热稳定性、化学稳定性以及较为合适的能带而使其有着良好的催化性能,近年来逐渐成为光催化产氢领域研究的热点。为了提高g-C3N4的光催化效率,研究人员开发了多种改性策略,如化学掺杂改性、微观结构调控等。主要综述了g-C3N4光催化剂改性的国内外研究进展,并对g-C3N4的研究发展方向进行了展望。
At present,fossil energy is excessively exploited,and a large number of harmful gases and greenhouse gases are released when burning.Therefore,the search for new renewable clean energy has become a major problem needed to be solved for all mankind.Photocatalytic decomposition of aquatic hydrogen can realize the conversion of solar energy to hydrogen energy,which provides a new idea to find a solution.How to develop a wide range of visible light absorption,low cost,green photocatalyst has become an important research direction.g-C3N4 has excellent catalytic performance due to its good thermal stability,chemical stability and suitable energy band,and has gradually emerged as a research hotspot in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production in recent years.In order to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of g-C3N4,a variety of modification strategies,such as chemical doping modification and microstructure regulation,have been developed.In this paper,the research progress of g-C3N4 photocatalyst modification at home and abroad was reviewed,and the research and development direction of g-C3N4 was discussed.
[1] 郭芳林,黄俊华,郭瑛.新型光解水制氢催化剂及研究进展概述[J].化学工程与装备,2018,89(6):206-207.
[2] 李师,王毅.石墨相氮化碳的制备和应用进展[J].皮革与化工,2020,37(3):22-32.
[3] 邓细宇,邝鑫雅,字包叶,等.石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)用于光催化产氢的研究进展[J].功能材料与器件学报,2020,26(1):7-15.
[4] Fujishima A,Honda K.Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode[J].Nature,1972,238(5358):37-38.
[5] Ni M,Leung Michael K H,Leung Dennis Y C,et al.A review and recent developments in photocatalytic water-splitting using TiO2 for hydrogen production[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2005,11(3):401-425.
[6] Jue W,Waters J L,Patrick K,et al.A facile electrochemical reduction method for improving photocatalytic performance of α-Fe2O3 photoanode for solar water splitting[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2017,9(1):381-390.
[7] Zou Z G,Ye J H,Kazuhiro S,et al.Direct splitting of water under visible light irradiation with an oxide semiconductor photocatalyst[J].Nature:International Weekly Journal of Science,2001,414(6864):625-627.
[8] Cui C,Li S,Qiu Y W,et al.Fast assembly of Ag3PO4 nanoparticles within three-dimensional graphene aerogels for efficient photocatalytic oxygen evolution from water splitting under visible light[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2017,200:666-672.
[9] Yu J G,Yu Y F,Zhou P,et al.Morphology-dependent photocatalytic H2 production activity of CdS[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2014,156-157:184-191.
[10] Ma D,Wu J,Gao M C,et al.Fabrication of Z-scheme g-C3N4/RGO/Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,290:136-146.
[11] Li P,Chen X Y,He H C,et al.Polyhedral 30-faceted BiVO4 microcrystals predominantly enclosed by high-index planes promoting photocatalytic water-splitting activity[J].Advanced Materials,2018,30(1):1703119-1703124.
[12] Song X F,Shen W H,Sun Z,et al.Size-engineerable NiS2 hollow spheres photo co-catalysts from supermolecular precursor for H2 production from water splitting[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,290:74-81.
[13] Masahide T,Kaori T,Takashi U,et al.Enhanced photocurrent in thin film TiO2 electrodes prepared by sol-gel method[J].Thin Solid Films,2001,388(1-2):231-236.
[14] Sernelius,Berggren,Jin Hamberg,et al.Band-gap tailoring of ZnO by means of heavy Al doping[J].Physical review.B,Condensed matter,1988,37(17):10244-10248.
[15] Rougier A,Portemer F,Marssi M E,et al.Characterization of pulsed laser deposited WO3 thin films for electrochromic devices[J].Applied Surface Science,1999,153(1):1-9.
[16] Wu L,Bi J H,Li Z H,et al.Rapid preparation of Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with nanosheet morphology via microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis[J].Catalysis Today,2007,131(1):15-20.
[17] Suk J H,Seungok L,Jum S J,et al.Heterojunction BiVO4/WO3 electrodes for enhanced photoactivity of water oxidation[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2011,4(5):1781-1787.
[18] Chen S Y,Wang L W.Thermodynamic oxidation and reduction potentials of photocatalytic semiconductors in aqueous solution[J].Chemistry of Materials,2012,24(18):3659-3666.
[19] Kohjiro H,Kazuhiro S,Hironori A,et al.Semiconductor-sensitized solar cells based on nanocrystalline In2S3/In2O3 thin film electrodes[J].Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells,2000,62(4):441-447.
[20] Cohen R,Kronik L,Shanzer A,et al.Molecular control over semiconductor surface electronic properties:dicarboxylic acids on CdTe,CdSe,GaAs,and InP[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,1999,121(45):10545-10553.
[21] Inushima T,Mamutin V V,Vekshin V A.Physical properties of InN with the band gap energy of 1.1eV[J].Journal of Crystal Growth,2001,227-228:481-485.
[22] Liao G F,Gong Y,Zhang L,et al.Semiconductor polymeric graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts:the “holy grail” for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction under visible light[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2019,12(7):2080-2147.
[23] Ishaq T,Yousaf M,Ahmad B I,et al.Photo-assisted splitting of water into hydrogen using visible-light activated silver doped g-C3N4&CNTs hybrids[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2020,45(56):31574-31584.
[24] Zhang Q L,Chen P F,Chen L,et al.Facile fabrication of novel Ag2S/K-g-C3N4 composite and its enhanced performance in photocatalytic H2 evolution[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2020,568:117-129.
[25] Li Y Y,Zhu S L,Kong X C,et al.ZIF-67 derived Co@NC/g-C3N4 as a photocatalyst for enhanced water splitting H2 evolution[J].Environmental Research,2021,197:111002-111009.
[26] Gao J F,Zhang F D,Xue H Q,et al.In-situ synthesis of novel ternary CdS/PdAg/g-C3N4 hybrid photocatalyst with significantly enhanced hydrogen production activity and catalytic mechanism exploration[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2021,281:119509-119521.
[27] Lin Z,Wang S J,Miao Y Q,et al.One-step preparation of halogenated aminobenzonitrile modified g-C3N4 via copolymerization and in situ halogen doping for highly enhanced visible light hydrogen evolution[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2020,45(11):6341-6351.
[28] Xu J X,Ji Q J,Yan X M,et al.Ni(acac)2/Mo-MOF-derived difunctional MoNi@MoO2 cocatalyst to enhance the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of g-C3N4[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2020,268:118739-118747.
[29] Chen L,Zhu D Y,Li J T,et al.Sulfur and potassium co-doped graphitic carbon nitride for highly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2020,273:119050-119059.
[30] Luo L,Gong Z Y,Ma J N,et al.Ultrathin sulfur-doped holey carbon nitride nanosheets with superior photocatalytic hydrogen production from water[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2021,284:119742-119752.
[31] Du J,Li S M,Du Z G,et al.Boron/oxygen-codoped graphitic carbon nitride nanomesh for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2021,407:127114-127123.
[32] 翟苓帆,许贺可,胡一凡.g-C3N4/MgAl-LDH异质结的构建及其光催化产氢性能研究[J].广东化工,2020,47(10):20-21.
[33] Zhou W,Hu Z C,Huang F,et al.Metal-free hydrophilic D-A conjugated polyelectrolyte dots/g-C3N4 nanosheets heterojunction for efficient and irradiation-stable water-splitting photocatalysis[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2020,270:118852-118861.
[34] Zhang S M,Xu D F,Chen X H,et al.Construction of ultrathin 2D/2D g-C3N4/In2Se3 heterojunctions with high-speed charge transfer nanochannels for promoting photocatalytic hydrogen production[J].Applied Surface Science,2020,528:146858-146867.
[35] Qin Y Y,Li H,Lu J,et al.Synergy between van der waals heterojunction andvacancy in ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 2D/2D photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2020,277:119254-119264.
[36] Ye H N,Wang Z Q,Yu F T,et al.Fluorinated conjugated poly(benzotriazole)/g-C3N4 heterojunctions for significantly enhancing photocatalytic H2 evolution[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2020,267:118577-118589.
[37] Liu Y Y,Cui J F,Liang Y H,et al.Construction of Z-scheme heterojunction of PANI-Ag-CN sandwich structure with efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J].Applied Surface Science,2020,509:145296-145309.
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51562038)
PDF
