相变蓄热材料储热密度较大,可用于热管理、建筑节能及余热回收等领域。但相变蓄热材料多存在过冷度大、导热系数低、相分离等缺点,严重影响相变过程的热稳定性,限制其实际应用,尤其是相变蓄热材料过冷度的存在,导致热量不能及时释放,因此,降低过冷度已成为相变蓄热材料研究的热点。系统地介绍了相变蓄热材料的分类及成核理论,综述了相关研究中触发过冷相变蓄热材料成核结晶的方法和机理,包括晶种法、成核剂法、电场法、机械振动法、超声照射法和搅拌法,并对这些方法进行了比较,相对而言成核剂法是触发相变蓄热材料成核的最优方法。
Due to their high heat storage density,Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have been used in the fields of heat management,building energy conservation,waste heat recovery,and so on.However,most PCMs have certain drawbacks,such as high supercooling degree,low thermal conductivity and phase separation,which seriously affect the thermal stability of PCMs and limit their practical application.Especially the serious supercooling of PCMs cause the heat unable to be released on the instant.Therefore,eliminating the supercooling of PCMs has become a hot issue in the study of PCM.In this paper,the classification of PCMs and nucleation mechanism were introduced systematically.Thereafter,the methods and mechanism of triggering nucleation and crystallization of supercooled PCM were reviewed,including seed method,nucleating agent method,electrification method,mechanical vibration method,ultrasonic illumination method and stirring method.Finally,the nucleation methods of PCM were compared,and the addition of nucleating agent to supercooled PCM was the best way to trigger the nucleation.
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基金资助
国家自然基金面上项目(51876019);辽宁省自然基金项目(201602069);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(3132021336)
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