锂硫电池具有理论能量密度高(2600Wh/kg)、成本低、环境友好等优点,有望成为下一代最具潜力的高容量储能电池。然而单质硫和放电终产物Li2S2/Li2S的导电性差、多硫化锂的“穿梭效应”仍是造成锂硫电池容量衰减的主要原因。研究表明,碳基材料用作活性硫的载体是提高锂硫电池电化学性能的有效途径。近年来,生物质碳材料因具有独特的化学组成、来源广、低成本和易制备的优点,已被广泛应用于构筑锂硫电池正极材料。综述了不同的制备方法对各种生物质碳材料的孔结构及其碳硫复合正极材料电化学性能的影响。分析了各制备方法与生物质多孔碳硫复合物存在的缺陷,并对其未来的发展方向做出了展望。
Lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries are expected to be the most potential high-capacity next generation energy-storage batteries due to these advantages of theoretical energy density of 2600Wh/kg,low cost and environmental friendliness.However,the poor conductivity of elemental sulfur and discharge final product Li2S2/Li2S,shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide are still the main reasons of capacity degradation in Li-S batteries.Results show that carbon based materials as active sulfur host are effective ways to improve the electrochemical performance of the Li-S batteries.In recent years,biomass carbon materials have been widely used to build the cathode materials of the Li-S batteries owing to their unique chemical composition,abundant sources,low cost and facile preparation.The effect of different preparation methods on the pore structure of various biomass carbon and the electrochemical performance of biomass carbon-sulfur composite cathode materials were reviewed.The defects of the various preparation methods and biomass carbon-sulfur composites were investigated,and prospected the corresponding future development direction.
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基金资助
云南省基础研究计划项目青年项目(202001AU070008);国家自然科学基金(51972282,U1602273)
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