为提高尿素化肥的缓释能力,解决其在盐溶液中易溶胀的问题,以天然高分子物质海藻酸钠(Alg)和壳聚糖(CS)作为载体对尿素进行封装,采用烷基硅烷的改性方式制备毫米级疏水海藻酸钙-壳聚糖微球(U@s-Alg-CS)。通过接触角测试、红外光谱分析、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析、静水释放实验和溶胀实验等手段研究了改性U@s-Alg-CS微球的结构和性能。结果表明:改性U@s-Alg-CS微球表面硅烷改性成功,疏水性良好,接触角为136°;改性对微球外部结构影响较大,表面密集程度增加,孔隙减少;改性U@s-Alg-CS微球真空干燥后提升了尿素化肥的缓释能力,相比未改性U@Alg微球缓释时间延长了40%;在高盐溶液下改性U@s-Alg-CS微球具有良好的稳定性,相比未改性U@Alg-CS微球溶胀率降低了52%。
In order to improve the slow-release ability of urea fertilizer and solve the problem of natural polymer coating material swelling easily in salt solution,urea was encapsulated by natural macromolecule sodium alginate(Alg) and chitosan(CS),and millimetre-sized hydrophobic calcium alginate-chitosan microspheres (U@s-Alg-CS)were prepared by alkyl silane modification.The structure and properties of the modified microspheres were investigated by contact angle test,FT-IR,SEM,EDS,static water release test and swelling test.The experimental results shown that the surface of the microspheres was modified successfully with excellent hydrophobicity and contact angle of 136°.The modification had great influence on the external structure of the microspheres,which increased the surface density and decreased the porosity.After vacuum drying,the sustained release capacity of urea fertilizer was improved by modified U@s-Alg-CS microspheres,and the sustained release time was 40% longer than that of unmodified U@Alg microspheres.The modified U@s-Alg-CS microspheres had excellent stability in high salt solution,and the swelling rate of the microspheres was 52% lower than that of the unmodified microspheres.
[1] 王兴刚,吕少瑜,冯晨,等.包膜型多功能缓/控释肥料的研究现状及进展[J].高分子通报,2016(7):9-22.
[2] Xia H,Riaz M,Zhang M,et al.Biochar-N fertilizer interaction increases N utilization efficiency by modifying soil C/N component under N fertilizer deep placement modes[J].Chemosphere,2022,286:131594.
[3] 柳丽敏,张思虹,支云飞,等.包膜肥料最新研究进展[J].现代化工,2018,38(7):26-30.
[4] 陈芝,杨相东,王娜,等.肥料缓释用改性SiO2/PU复合涂层的制备与表征[J].化工新型材料,2020,48(10):146-150.
[5] Zhao X,Qi X,Chen Q,et al.Sulfur-modified coated slow-release fertilizer based on castor oil:synthesis and a controlled-release model[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2020,8(49):18044-18053.
[6] Liu J,Yang Y,Gao B,et al.Bio-based elastic polyurethane for controlled-release urea fertilizer:fabrication,properties,swelling and nitrogen release characteristics[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,209:528-537.
[7] Irfan S A,Razali R,Kushaari K Z,et al.Sulfur-modified coated slow-release fertilizer based on castor oil:synthesis and a controlled-release model[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2018,271:45-54.
[8] Lu J,Cheng M,Zhao C,et al.Application of lignin in preparation of slow-release fertilizer:current status and future perspectives[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2022,176:114267.
[9] Tang J,Hong J,Liu Y,et al.Urea controlled-release fertilizer based on gelatin microspheres[J].Journal of Polymers & the Environment,2017,26:1930-1939.
[10] Eddarai E M,El Mouzahim M,Boussen R,et al.Chitosan-kaolinite clay composite as durable coating material for slow release NPK fertilizer[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2022,195:424-432.
[11] Liu S,Wu Q,Sun X,et al.Novel alginate-cellulose nanofiber-poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels for carrying and delivering nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium chemicals[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2021,172:330-340.
[12] 谭毛,段亚玲,周梦春,等.壳聚糖的分析方法及其在农业领域中的应用进展[J].农药,2021,60(1):6-10.
[13] 朱云林,顾大路,王伟中,等.壳聚糖对水稻幼苗抗冷性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(8):66-68.
[14] Cui W,Lu X,Cui K,et al.Fluorescent nanoparticles of chitosan complex for real-time monitoring drug release[J].Langmuir,2011,27(13):8384-8390.
[15] 曲丹阳,张立国,顾万荣,等.壳聚糖对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗根系生长及叶片光合的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1300-1309.
[16] 杨艳艳,韩月云,汤建伟,等.尿素微胶囊缓/控释肥料制备工艺研究[J].无机盐工业,2018,50(11):11-15.
[17] 柴雍,王鸿儒,姚一军,等.聚氨酯改性海藻酸钠薄膜的制备及表征[J].化工新型材料,2019,47(2):126-131.
[18] 王伟涛,孟庆敏,高丽超,等.海藻酸与控释尿素配施对小麦玉米产量及土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2021,35(5):280-288.
[19] 张春阳,傅超萍,吴冰,等.3D打印海藻酸钠基功能材料的研究进展[J].高分子通报,2022(1):8-17.
[20] 姜安龙,易晶晶,余晓青,等.海藻酸钠水凝胶对尿素的缓释效果研究[J].现代化工,2015,35(7):86-88.
[21] Fan Y,Xu J,Gao X,et al.Effect of alginate on the release of amide nitrogen for soilless cultivation applications[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2019,256:108545.
[22] 苗晓杰,蒋恩臣,王佳,等.对二甲氨基苯甲醛显色分光光度法检测水溶液中常微量尿素[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(8):87-92.
[23] Nan F,Wu J,Qi F,et al.Uniform chitosan-coated alginate particles as emulsifiers for preparation of stable Pickering emulsions with stimulus dependence[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2014,456:246-252.
[24] Zhu Q,Chu Y,Wang Z,et al.Robust superhydrophobic polyurethane sponge as a highly reusable oil-absorption material[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2013,1(17):5386-5393.
[25] Duan B,Gao H,He M,et al.Hydrophobic modification on surface of chitin sponges for highly effective separation of oil[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2014,6(22):19933-19942.
[26] Zhang Y,Wei W,Lv P,et al.Preparation and evaluation of alginate-chitosan microspheres for oral delivery of insulin[J].European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics,2011,77(1):11-19.
基金资助
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2021YFN0129)
PDF
