碳点是尺寸小于10nm的新型碳基纳米发光材料,通常由C、H、O、N等元素组成,表面富含氨基、羧基等基团。与传统量子点相比,碳点原料多为生物质,价格低廉,毒性低,制备方法简单,具有良好的光致发光、上转换发光、光诱导电子转移、生物相容性、水溶性等优点,在重金属离子检测、光催化、生物成像等领域得到广泛应用。碳点有望替代现代仪器实现对重金属离子便捷、快速的检测,但目前碳点用于重金属离子检测的研究还鲜有报道,围绕碳点合成方法的基础上,分析了各种制备方法的优缺点,综述了碳点用于重金属离子检测的优势、研究进展及选择性猝灭的机理,指出了碳点面临的主要问题与未来的发展方向。
Carbon dots is a new type of carbon-based nanomaterials with typical size under 10nm.It is usually composed of C,H,O,N and other elements,and its surface is rich in amino,carboxyl groups and other groups.Compared with the traditional quantum dots,C-dots could be synthesized economically from biomass with eco-friendly method.At the same time,the low toxicity,good biocompatibility,water-soluble,and other merit make the C-dots has a wide range of applications like heavy metal ion detection,photocatalysis,biological imaging and related topics.C-dots is expected to replace modern instruments to realize convenient and rapid detection of heavy metal ions.However,there are few reports on the application of C-dots in the detection of heavy metal ions.So,the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation were mainly analyzed.The advantages of C-dots for the detection of heavy metal ions,research progress and selective quenching mechanism were summarized,and shown the main problems faced by C-dots as well as possible development directions.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(21702143);江苏省自然科学基金(BK2017377)
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