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摘要
沥青路面在寒区服役过程中,在行车荷载及温度荷载作用下易产生疲劳病害,严重影响路面结构的路用性能,增大行车风险。故研发了基于石墨烯材料的新型耐久沥青混合料,并采用宏观实验与微观模拟验证了石墨烯可有效地提升沥青抗疲劳性能;并模拟沥青路面在低温服役环境下降水或者水汽结冰后的路表状态,采用动态摩擦系数测试仪对正常及结冰状态下的路表抗滑能力进行测试。结果表明:在一定掺量下,石墨烯沥青混合料可以显著地改善正常状态及结冰状态下的沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能与抗滑能力,且随掺量增大,残留抗滑比随之增大。最后,借助扫描电镜和分子动力学模拟方法从微观角度探索了石墨烯对沥青微观性质的影响,提出了微观尺度下的分子柔度指数,阐明了石墨烯提升沥青抗疲劳性能的微观机理,揭示了沥青抗疲劳性能的微观本质;同时,探索了石墨烯改性沥青混合料抗滑能力提升的机理,即石墨烯增大了沥青内部孔隙率,更大的变形能力造成行车过程中的阻滞力增大,从而提高了路面的抗滑性能。
Abstract
During the service of asphalt pavement in cold areas,fatigue diseases are prone to occur under the action of driving load and temperature load,which seriously affects the road performance of the pavement structure,and increases the driving risk.Therefore,a new type of durable asphalt mixture based on graphene materials was developed,and used macroscopic experiments and microscopic simulations to verify that graphene can effectively improve the fatigue resistance of asphalt.And the surface state of asphalt pavement in low-temperature service environment was simulated after water or water vapor freezes.Next,the dynamic friction coefficient tester was used to test the anti-skid ability of the road surface under normal and icy conditions.The results shown that,at a certain amount,graphene asphalt mixture can significantly improve the anti-fatigue performance and anti-skid ability of asphalt mixtures under normal and icing conditions,and as the amount increased,the residual anti-skid ratio followed increase.Finally,with the help of scanning electron microscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulation methods,the influence of graphene on the microscopic properties of the asphalt was explored from a microscopic point of view,and the molecular flexibility index at the microscopic scale was proposed,which scientifically clarified the effect of graphene on improving the fatigue resistance of asphalt.The microscopic mechanism revealed the microscopic nature of the anti-fatigue performance of the asphalt.At the same time,it explored the mechanism of improving the anti-skid ability of the graphene-modified asphalt mixture,that was,graphene increased the porosity inside the asphalt,and the greater deformability caused driving.The blocking force in the process was increased,thereby improving the anti-skid performance of the road surface.
关键词
沥青路面
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抗疲劳性能
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石墨烯改性
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路表抗滑
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动态旋转式摩擦系数
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分子动力学模拟
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微观机理
Key words
asphalt pavement
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anti-fatigue performance
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graphene modification
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road surface anti-skid
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DFT
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molecular dynamics simulation
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micromechanism
基于分子动力学模拟的寒区新型耐久沥青混合料抗滑机理研究[J].
化工新型材料, 2022, 50(4): 235-240 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2022.04.048
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078048);国家自然科学基金青年项目(52008029)
