化工新型材料

化工新型材料 ›› 2022, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4) : 161-165. DOI: 10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2022.04.032

科学研究

玻璃纤维和碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

^1,2*

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Preparation and property of GF and CF reinforced SiO₂ aerogel composites

Luo Dan¹, Long Lijuan², Qin Shuhao^1,2, He Min¹

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Received		Published
2021-12-10		2022-04-20
Issue Date	Revised Date
2022-04-29	2021-12-10

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摘要

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,玻璃纤维和碳纤维为增强相,通过溶胶-凝胶和常压干燥分别制备了玻璃纤维增强型二氧化硅气凝胶(GF/SiO₂气凝胶)和碳纤维增强型二氧化硅气凝胶(CF/SiO₂气凝胶)复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、比表面积和孔径分布测试仪、万能力学试验机、导热系数测试仪等手段对材料的结构和性能进行了测试表征,对比分析了玻璃纤维和碳纤维对SiO₂气凝胶复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明:玻璃纤维与SiO₂颗粒基体之间的界面结合较差,制得的GF/SiO₂气凝胶具有较差的力学性能(压缩强度=0.676MPa,应变=60%)和较高的导热系数[0.0410W/(m·K)];而碳纤维与SiO₂气凝胶颗粒具有较好的界面相互作用,制得的CF/SiO₂气凝胶具有良好的力学性能(压缩强度=1.225MPa,应变=60%)和低的导热系数[0.0342W/(m·K)]。

Abstract

Glass fiber reinforced silica aerogel(GF/SiO₂ aerogel) and carbon fiber reinforced silica aerogel(CF/SiO₂ aerogel) composite materials were prepared by sol-gel and atmospheric drying,respectively,using ethyl orthosilicate as precursor and glass fiber and carbon fiber as reinforcement phase.The structure and properties of the aerogels were tested and characterized by scanning electron microscope,fourier infrared spectroscopy,specific surface area and pore size distribution tester,universal mechanics testing machine,thermal conductivity tester,etc.,so as to study and compared the influence of GF and CF on the structure and properties of the aerogels.The results shown that GF/SiO₂ aerogel had poor mechanical properties (compressive strength=0.676MPa,strain=60%) and high thermal conductivity [0.0410W/(m·K)] due to poor interfacial bonding between GF and SiO₂ particle matrix.However,CF and SiO₂ particles had good interfacial interaction,which made the CF/SiO₂ aerogel had good mechanical properties (compressive strength=1.225MPa,strain=60%) and low thermal conductivity [0.0342W/(m·K)].

关键词

二氧化硅气凝胶 / 玻璃纤维 / 碳纤维 / 力学性能 / 导热率

Key words

silica aerogel / glass fiber / carbon fiber / mechanical property / thermal conductivity

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玻璃纤维和碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料的制备及性能研究[J]. 化工新型材料, 2022, 50(4): 161-165 DOI:10.19817/j.cnki.issn1006-3536.2022.04.032

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