聚丙烯腈是用于静电纺丝的主要高分子聚合物原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈基杂化复合纤维,或再经预氧化炭化制备纳米碳纤维的研究已取得了许多有意义的成果。为了对静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈基有机无机杂化复合微纳米纤维及其碳纤维更深入的了解,介绍了静电纺丝的相关基本原理和技术进展。对以聚丙烯腈为主要聚合物原料,添加或不添加其他有机及无机化合物,通过静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈基杂化复合纤维的主要类型、改性方法和应用领域进行了综述。对聚丙烯腈基杂化复合纤维及其碳纤维开展了许多实际应用研究,主要应用领域集中在燃料电池、离子电池和电容器等新能源材料,卫生过滤材料,水处理及气体净化的吸附和光催化降解材料,催化剂载体材料,传感器材料,电磁波吸收和屏蔽材料。
Polyacrylonitrile(PAN) is the main polymer raw material for electrospinning.Many useful results have been obtained about the study on the preparation of PAN based hybrid composite fibers by electrospinning and their resultant carbon nanofibers generated from corresponding stabilization and carbonization.In order to know more about electrospinning of PAN based hybrid composite fibers and their carbon fibers,the fundamental principle and technological progress were introduced.With PAN as the main polymer precursor adding or not adding other organic and inorganic compounds,the main types,modification methods and application fields of PAN hybrid composite fibers by electrospinning were reviewed.Many practical application studies on the electrospun PAN hybrid composite fibers and their carbon fibers have been carried out.The main application areas were new energy materials such as fuel cells,ion batteries and capacitors,sanitary filter materials,adsorption and photocatalytic degradation materials for water treatment and gas purification,catalyst carrier materials,sensor materials,electromagnetic wave absorbing and shielding materials.
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基金资助
河南省创新型优秀科技团队(CXTD2013048);河南省教育厅自然科学重点项目(21A430047和18A430035)
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