通过硬模板自组装技术可将无序的纳米颗粒组装成为结构有序、易于调控的复合型纳米材料,与其他制备有序微纳米结构的方法相比,这种由自组装方法制备的纳米材料成本较低,适合大规模生产,同时相对于单个纳米颗粒具有优异的电磁、光学和催化性能。这些特性使其在催化剂、新材料和生物医学等领域有着广泛的应用前景。为此,对常见的硬模板进行分类,介绍了不同类型硬模板的制备方法,以及近年来基于硬模板自组装技术研究领域国内外的发展现状,分析了以模板为基底通过物理或化学作用力实现纳米颗粒阵列排列的作用过程,最后对硬模板自组装纳米颗粒技术的发展前景进行了展望。
The hard template self-assembly technique can assemble the disordered nanoparticles into a composite nanomaterial with structural order and easy regulation.Compared with other methods for preparing ordered micro-nanostructures,the nanomaterials prepared by self-assembly method was low cost,suitable for large-scale production,while having excellent electromagnetic,optical and catalytic properties relative to a single nanoparticle.These properties make it widely used in catalysts,new materials and biomedical fields.The common hard templates were classified,the preparation methods of different types of hard templates were introduced,and the development status of hard template self-assembly technology in recent years was analyzed.The nanoparticle array was realized by physical or chemical force using template as the substrate.The process of nanoparticle array by physical or chemical forces based on template was analyzed.Finally the future development of hard template self-assembled nanoparticle technology is prospected.
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