采用吸油材料处理油水混合物是油水分离领域一种重要的方法,综述了疏水聚氨酯海绵作为吸油材料的最新研究成果。首先概括了聚氨酯海绵吸油过程和机理,以及聚氨酯海绵疏水改性的两种思路。然后全面介绍了通过简单浸涂、层层自组装、枝接改性、溶胶-凝胶、化学刻蚀等表面改性方法制备的疏水聚氨酯海绵,以及通过优化发泡底物和共混改性试剂直接合成的疏水聚氨酯海绵。最后总结了研究中存在的问题,主要是采用疏水聚氨酯海绵对处理乳化油的研究较少,且对乳化油的吸油机理的认识还很浅。
Using oil absorbing materials to treat oil-water mixture is an important method in the field of oil-water separation.The latest research of hydrophobic polyurethane sponge as oil absorbing material was summarized.Firstly,the process and mechanism of the oil absorption of the sponge were summarized,and the two ideas of the hydrophobic modification of the sponge were introduced.Then introduced that the sponge was made through surface modification,such as simple dip coating,layer-by-layer self-assembly,grafting modification,sol-gel,chemical etching,and directly made by optimizing the reactant or blending reagents.At last,the existing problems in the research were summarized,that the research on treatment of emulsified oil was lacking and the understanding of the oil absorption mechanism of emulsified oil was still very shallow.
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