生物炭孔隙发达、比表面积大、表面官能团丰富、具有“碳中性”特点,对很多物质表现出极强的吸附作用。近年来,生物炭的制备及应用备受关注。概述了生物炭的制备方法、性质及其影响因素,讨论了生物炭及其炭基复合材料的制备及应用研究,简述了生物炭对水体中有机污染物和重金属离子的去除效果和机理。虽然生物炭及其复合材料具有诸多优点,但生物炭的工程放大研究及技术经济可行性的系统评价方面的研究较少,仍是今后研究的重点。
Preparation and application of biochar have been gained increasing attention due to it has well-developed pores,large surface area,abundant surface functional groups,carbon neutral and strong adsorption for many substances.The preparation method and influencing factors of biochar were summarized,the preparation and application of biochar,as well as its carbon-based composite materials were discussed.The removal effect and mechanism of organic pollutants and heavy metal ions in water were briefly described.Although biochar and its composites have many advantages,there are few studies on the engineering amplification of biochar and the systematic evaluation of its technical and economic feasibility,which are still the focus of future research.
[1] Kuppusamy S,Thavamani P,Megharaj M,et al.Agronomic and remedial benefits and risks of applying biochar to soil:current knowledge and future research directions[J].Environment International,2016,87(2):1-12.
[2] Zhu N,Yan T,Qiao J,et al.Adsorption of arsenic,phosphorus and chromium by bismuth impregnated biochar:adsorption mechanism and depleted adsorbent utilization[J].Chemosphere,2016,164(12):32-40.
[3] Xue Y,Gao B,Yao Y,et al.Hydrogen peroxide modification enhances the ability of biochar (hydrochar)produced from hydrothermal carbonization of peanut hull to remove aqueous heavy metals:batch and column tests[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,200(34):673-680.
[4] Pacioni T R,Soares D,Domenico M D,et al.Bio-syngas production from agro-industrial biomass residues by steam gasification[J].Waste Management,2016,58(12):221-229.
[5] You S,Ok Y S,Chen S S,et al.A critical review on sustainable biochar system through gasification:energy and environmental applications[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,246(10):242-253.
[6] Hansen V,Müller-Stöver D,Ahrenfeldt J,et al.Gasification biochar as a valuable by-product for carbon sequestration and soil amendment[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2015,72(1):300-308.
[7] Keiluweit M,Nico P S,Johnson M G,et al.Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar)[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(4):1247-1253.
[8] Xie T,Reddy K R,Wang C,et al.Characteristics and applications of biochar for environmental remediation:a review[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2015,45(9):939-969.
[9] Chun Y,Sheng G,Chiou C T,et al.Compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,38(17):4649-4655.
[10] Mohan D,Sarswat A,Ok Y S,et al.Organic and inorganic contaminants removal from water with biochar,a renewable,low cost and sustainable adsorbent-a critical review[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,160(5):191-202.
[11] Brewer C E,Schmidt-Rohr K,Satrio J A,et al.Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems[J].Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy,2009,28(3):386-396.
[12] Lima I M,Boateng A A,Klasson K T.Physicochemical and adsorptive properties of fast-pyrolysis bio-chars and their steam activated counterparts[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2010,85(11):1515-1521.
[13] Sun K,Ro K,Guo M,et al.Sorption of bisphenol A,17α-ethinyl estradiol and phenanthrene on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5757-5763.
[14] Peterson S C,Jackson M A.Simplifying pyrolysis:using gasification to produce corn stover and wheat straw biochar for sorptive and horticultural media[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2014,53(2):228-235.
[15] Ducousso M,Weiss-Hortala E,Nzihou A,et al.Reactivity enhancement of gasification biochars for catalytic applications[J].Fuel,2015,159(11):491-499.
[16] Liu W J,Jiang H,Yu H J.Development of biochar-based functional materials:toward a sustainable platform carbon materia[J].Chemical Reviews,2015,115(22):12251-12285.
[17] Chen Y,Yang H,Wang X,et al.Biomass-based pyrolytic polygeneration system on cotton stalk pyrolysis:influence of temperature[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,107(3):411-418.
[18] Yu J,Jiang C,Guan Q,et al.Enhanced removal of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution by supported ZnO nanoparticles on biochar derived from waste water hyacinth[J].Chemosphere,2018,195(12):632-640.
[19] Mui Edward L K,Cheung W H,Valix M,et al.Dye adsorption onto char from bamboo[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,177(1/3):1001-1005.
[20] Chen B,Chen Z,Lv S.A novel magnetic biochar efficiently sorbs organic pollutants and phosphate[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(2):716-723.
[21] Zhang M,Gao B,Varnoosfaderani S,et al.Preparation and characterization of a novel magnetic biochar for arsenic removal[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,130(2):457-462.
[22] Reddy D H K,Lee S M.Magnetic biochar composite:facile synthesis,characterization,and application for heavy metal removal[J].Colloids and Surfaces A,2014,454(1):96-103.
[23] Zhang F,Wang X,Xionghui J,et al.Efficient arsenate removal by magnetite-modified water hyacinth biochar[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,216(9):575-583.
[24] Zhang M,Gao B,Yao Y,et al.Synthesis of porous MgO-biochar nanocomposites for removal of phosphate and nitrate from aqueous solutions[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,210(4):26-32.
[25] Tang J,Lv H,Gong Y,Huang Y.Preparation and characterization ofa novel graphene/biochar composite for aqueous phenanthrene and mercury removal[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,196(11):355-363.
[26] Inyang M,Gao B,Zimmerman A,et al.Synthesis,characterization,and dye sorption ability of carbon nanotube-biochar nanocomposites[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,236(2):39-46.
[27] Liu W J,Zeng F X,Jiang H,et al.Preparation of high adsorption capacity bio-chars from waste biomass[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(17):8247-8252.
[28] Kasozi G N,Zimmerman A R,Nkedikizza P,et al.Catechol and humic acid sorption on to a range of laboratory-produced black carbons (biochars)[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(16):6189-6195.
[29] Chen B,Chen Z.Sorption of naphthalene and 1-naphthol by biochars of orange peels with different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Chemosphere,2009,76(1):127-133.
[30] Ahmad M,Lee S S,Dou X,et al.Effects of pyrolysis temperature on soybean stover- and peanut shell-derived biochar properties and TCE adsorption in water[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,118(8):536-544.
[31] Peiris C,Gunatilake S R,Mlsna T E,et al.Biochar based removal of antibiotic sulfonamides and tetracyclines in aquatic environments:a critical review[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,246(7):150-159.
[32] Inyang M,Gao B,Ding W,et al.Enhanced lead sorption by biochar derived from anaerobically digested sugarcane bagasse[J].Separation Science and Technology,2011,46(12):1950-1956.
[33] Liu Z,Zhang F S.Removal of lead from water using biochars prepared from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,167(1/3):933-939.
[34] Chen T,Zhou Z,Han R,et al.Adsorption of cadmium by biochar derived from municipal sewage sludge:impact factors and adsorption mechanism[J].Chemosphere,2015,134(9):286-293.
[35] Elaigwu S E,Rocher V,Kyriakou G,et al.Removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution using chars from pyrolysis and microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of prosopis africana shell[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2014,20(5):3467-3473.
[36] Inyang M I,Gao B,Yao Y,et al.A review of biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal removal[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2015,46(4):406-433.
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(21707058,41761072)
PDF
(1147KB)
