采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对不同粒度及包覆改性高氯酸铵(AP)颗粒的分散性及晶相进行了表征,并通过差示扫描量热法和机械感度测试研究不同AP样品的热分解性能和安全性能。结果表明,随着AP粒度增加,颗粒分散性得到一定改善,相同粒度的包覆改性AP分散性优于普通AP;不同粒度及包覆改性AP的晶相均一致;AP粒度越小,其热分解性能越好,对于粒度相同的AP,包覆改性对其热分解性能影响不大;随着AP粒度增加,其撞击感度和摩擦感度均降低,平均粒径(d50)分别为1μm、3μm和6μm的AP其撞击感度和摩擦感度分别为96%、80%、64%和28%、28%、16%;包覆改性可以明显降低AP的感度,d50为3μm的包覆改性AP与粒度相同的普通AP相比,撞击感度和摩擦感度分别降低了28%和16%。
The particle dispersivity and phase of AP samples with different granularity and coating modified AP were studied by scanning electric microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The thermal decomposition and safety property of different AP samples were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical sensitivities test.The results showed that the dispersivity of AP particles was improved with the increase of particle size.The dispersivity of coating modified AP was better than that of common AP particles with the same granularity.The phases of AP samples with different granularity and coating modified AP were all the same.The thermal decomposition properties of AP particles with smaller granularity were better.The coating modification could hardly have an effect on the thermal decomposition.Both impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity decreased with reducing the granularity.The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of AP particles with d50 of 1μm,3μm and 6μm were 96%,80%,64% and 28%,28%,16% respectively.The mechanical sensitivity could be reduced evidently by coating modification.The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of coating modified AP particles with d50 of 3μm decreased 28% and 16% respectively compared with common AP particles.
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