通过对比不同秸秆纤维的提取方法,得出硝酸/乙醇法的提取效率最高,达到73.98%。将秸秆纤维掺杂在聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯和ABS塑料中,分析比较各样品的力学性能。研究结果表明,采用硝酸/乙醇法提取的秸秆纤维与聚丙烯混合,制得的硝酸/乙醇-秸秆纤维-聚丙烯的拉伸强度达到61.2MPa,比复合前纯聚丙烯提高了90.7%,冲击强度为60.5kJ/m²,提高了16.3%,弯曲强度为48.3MPa,下降了12.5%,断裂伸长率为300.0%,下降了33.3%。与复合之前相比,大部分塑料的拉伸强度和冲击强度得到提高,但是各塑料的断裂伸长率均下降,原因为秸秆纤维的拉伸率较低所导致。

By comparing different fiber extraction methods,the highest extraction efficiency was obtained by nitric acid-ethanol method,which reached 73.98%.The physical and mechanical properties of different samples were analysed and compared by mixing the wheat fiber with polyethylene,polypropylene,polyvinyl chloride and ABS.The results showed that after being compounding,the mechanical properties had distinct changing extent.The polypropylene was mixed with the straw fiber which was extracted by nitric acid/ethanol method.The results showed that the tensile strength of sample was up to 61.2MPa,which was 90.7% higher than that of pure polypropylene before compounding,the impact strength was 60.5kJ/m²,which was 16.3% higher than that before,the bending strength was 48.3MPa,It was 12.5% lower,the elongation at break was 300.0% which was 33.3% lower than before.Compared with the material before mixed,the tensile strength and impact strength of most plastic were improved while the tensile rate on all new plastics was lowered.The reason was probably because the tensile rate of wheat fiber was too low which contributed to reduce the tensile rate of composite materials.