银纳米线因呈现出与宏观银或单个银原子不同的特性(如小尺寸效应、介面效应、量子尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应和介电限域效应等)而受到越来越多研究人员的关注。综述了多元醇法、溶剂热法、紫外线照射法和模板法等四种常用的银纳米线制备方法的特点及银纳米线在催化、电学、光学和传感器等方面的应用进展。模板法可获得规整的银纳米线;紫外线照射法可应用于惰性金属纳米结构的制备;溶剂热法和多元醇法均适用于量产银纳米线,但溶剂热法因需要高温高压环境使得其生产成本提高,而多元醇法的制备工艺简单、成本低、效率高,因此具有更好的应用前景。银纳米线由于拥有良好的导电性和光学性被广泛应用于液晶显示器、可穿戴电子器件和太阳能电池等领域,而银纳米线良好的生物相容性、抗菌性以及大比表面积等特点使得其在生物传感器和催化电极等领域也有广泛的应用。
Silver nanowires have received more and more attention from the researchers due to the fact that silver nanowires present different characteristics comparing with macroscopic silver or single silver atoms (such as small size effect,interface effect,quanta dimension effect,macroscopical quanta tunnel effect and dielectric confinement effect).The characteristics of four common preparing methods of silver nanowires including polyol method,solvothermal method,ultraviolet irradiation method and template method and the application progress of silver nanowires which were employed in catalysts,electrics,optics and sensors,were reviewed.Neat silver nanowires were prepared by the template method.The ultraviolet irradiation method was employed to prepare noble metal nanostructure.The solvothermal method and polyol method were employed to fabricate silver nanowires at large scale.However,the cost of production with solvothermal method was increased due to the condition of high temperature and high pressure environment.On the contrary,the polyol method had better application prospect due to simple preparation technology,low cost and high efficiency.For its excellent electrical conductivity and optical property,silver nanowires were comprehensively used in liquid crystal display (LCD),wearable electronic devices,solar cell and so on.Moreover silver nanowires were widely applied to the biosensor and the catalytical electrode due to its biocompatibility,antibacterial property and large specific surface area.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51473122);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2016M591390);国家大学生创新训练计划(201410058093)
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