随着“双碳”目标的深入推进,相变材料(PCM)及其应用技术将成为建筑节能领域的重要发展方向。介绍了PCM的分类和特点,其中有机类PCM因热力学性质稳定、与建筑材料兼容性好等特点多应用于建筑围护结构。分析了PCM在围护结构中应用的优势,包括储热密度增加、延缓温度波动以及相变储能与通风系统结合。综述了PCM混凝土、墙体、屋顶、窗体及地板等典型结构的研究应用进展。PCM混凝土力学性能满足标准且增加了其传热系数;PCM墙体、屋顶减少了热通量,延缓了温度波动,降低了空调负荷;PCM窗体起到了遮阳与相变蓄热共同作用从而达到减少室内得热的效果;PCM地板多与辐射供暖系统结合提高能源利用效率。另外,经济性分析是PCM围护结构商业化的重要推力,概括了PCM围护结构的经济性评价指标,构建合理的经济评价方法。
With the promotion of the “dual carbon” goals,phase change materials(PCMs) and their application technologies will become an important development direction in the field of building energy conservation.This paper sorted out the classification and characteristics of PCMs,among which organic PCMs were widely used in building envelope structures due to their stable thermodynamic properties and good compatibility with building materials.It analyzed the advantages of PCMs in enclosure structures,including increased heat storage density,delayed temperature fluctuations,and the combination of phase change energy storage and ventilation systems.This review focused on the research progress and application effects of typical structures such as PCM concrete,walls,roofs,windows,and floors.Research showed that the mechanical properties of PCM concrete met the standards and increased its heat transfer coefficient.PCM walls and roofs reduced heat flux,delayed temperature fluctuations,and lowered air conditioning loads.The PCM window played a combined role in shading and phase change heat storage,thereby reducing indoor heat gain.PCM floors were often combined with radiant heating systems to improve energy efficiency.In addition,economic analysis was an important driving force for the commercialization of PCM enclosure structures,so the economic evaluation indicators of PCM enclosure structures were summarized,and a reasonable economic evaluation method was constructed.
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基金资助
江西省自然科学基金项目(20192BAB206040)
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