超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维的传统凝胶纺丝工艺受限于有毒溶剂和复杂流程,熔融纺丝因环境友好、成本低廉成为理想替代路径,但超高熔体黏度引发的加工难题严重制约其发展。系统综述关键突破:通过工艺协同优化(精密控制纺丝温度窗口、高倍拉伸及冷却策略),有效抑制熔体破裂并显著提升纤维取向度与结晶度;创新性采用功能添加剂复配体系(如成核剂/纳米填料协同),在改善加工流动性的同时突破纤维强度瓶颈。技术进展推动应用从高端防弹、海洋工程延伸至医疗健康及智能材料等新兴领域。但当前仍面临高能耗、力学性能与工业化稳定性三大挑战,未来需融合分子设计、智能装备、多功能集成及绿色制造实现跨越发展。多学科交叉创新将推动该技术成为高性能纤维可持续发展的重要支柱。
Traditional gel-spinning process of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers is hindered by the use of toxic solvents and complex procedures.Melt-spinning emerges as an ideal alternative due to its environmental friendliness and cost efficiency.However,processing difficulties caused by the ultra-high melt viscosity severely limit its development.This review systematically summarized key breakthroughs:synergistic process optimization (precise control of the spinning temperature window,high-ratio drawing,and tailored cooling strategies) effectively suppressed melt fracture while significantly enhancing fiber orientation and crystallinity.The innovative application of compound functional additive systems (e.g.,nucleating agent/nanofiller synergies) simultaneously improved processability and overcame strength limitations.These advances expanded applications from ballistic protection and marine engineering to emerging fields like medical implants and smart materials.Nevertheless,three critical challenges persist:high energy consumption,mechanical performance,and industrial-scale stability.Future development requires interdisciplinary convergence of molecular design,intelligent equipment,multifunctional integration,and green manufacturing.Cross-disciplinary innovation will propel this technology to become a vital pillar for the sustainable development of high-performance fibers.
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基金资助
“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3713100)
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