日光温室作为现代农业的主要生产设施,其光热环境调控能力直接影响作物的产量与品质。然而,受昼夜温差波动及极端天气事件频发的影响,温室普遍存在热环境调控效率低、能耗高等问题。相变材料(PCM)凭借独特的相变潜热储能特性,为温室热环境调控提供了创新解决方案,在农业温室的各种系统中展现出良好的应用前景。其应用能够维持温室夜间最佳温度,促进作物生长并提高能源利用效率。PCM通过相变过程中的潜热储存与释放,可实现能量的时空转移与高效利用,具有显著的节能优势。系统综述了PCM的材料选取、制备工艺、添加剂种类、定型方法及其在温室中的具体应用形式,并提出未来研究的关键方式。
As a primary production facility in modern facility agriculture,the light and heat environment control capabilities of solar greenhouses directly impact crop yield and quality.However,due to fluctuations in diurnal temperature differences and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events,greenhouses generally face issues such as low thermal environment control efficiency and high energy consumption.Phase change materials (PCMs) offer an innovative solution for greenhouse thermal environment regulation due to their unique phase change latent heat storage properties,demonstrating promising application prospects in various agricultural greenhouse systems.Their application can maintain optimal nighttime temperatures in greenhouses,promote crop growth,and improve energy efficiency.PCMs achieves temporal and spatial energy transfer and efficient utilization through the storage and release of latent heat during phase change,offering significant energy-saving advantages.This paper systematically reviewed the selection of materials,preparation processes,types of additives,shaping methods,and specific application forms of PCMs in greenhouses,proposed key directions for future research.
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基金资助
宁夏冷凉蔬菜设施结构与环境智能控制系统研发与示范项目(2024BBF01012)
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