野火频发对人类社会和生态系统造成严重危害,开发新一代绿色防火材料迫在眉睫。传统水基灭火剂存在很多缺陷,水凝胶因环保、保水强和优异的粘弹性成为保护植被和建筑设施的理想选择。为了探究含磷阻燃剂对聚丙烯酸钠(PANa)水凝胶性能的影响,以聚磷酸铵(APP)为阻燃剂,制备了聚丙烯酸钠/聚磷酸铵(PANa/APP)复合水凝胶,通过溶胀倍率、粘弹性、燃烧测试、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析评估了临界凝胶浓度下水凝胶的性能。结果表明:复合水凝胶的阻燃性能显著优于PANa,基材焦化时间延长31%～131%(94～166s),但过量的磷阻燃剂会使阻燃性能相对降低;APP的添加使残炭率显著提升;复合水凝胶的炭层更加紧密及坚硬。当PANa与APP质量比为2:1时,复合水凝胶的流变稳定性最好,其中PANa与APP质量比为1:3的复合水凝胶以粘性为主导,不利于水凝胶的阻燃应用。阻燃剂APP的加入导致吸水树脂的吸液倍率下降,且APP含量越高,吸液倍率越低。
The frequent occurrence of wildfires around the world has caused profound trauma to human society and ecosystems,and the development of a new generation of green fire prevention materials is imminent.Traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents have a number of defects,and hydrogels have become an ideal choice for protecting vegetation and building facilities due to their environmental friendliness,strong water retention and excellent viscoelasticity.In order to investigate the effect of phosphorus-containing flame retardants on the performance of sodium polyacrylate (PANa) hydrogels,phosphorus-modified sodium polyacrylate hydrogels were prepared by using ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a flame retardant.The performance of the hydrogels under the critical gel concentration was evaluated by dissolution multiplicity,viscoelasticity,combustion test,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) test,scanning electron microscope (SEM),and thermogravimetric analysis (TG).The results showed that the flame retardant performance of phosphorus modified hydrogel was much better than that of PANa,and the coking time of substrate was significantly prolonged by 31%-131%(94-166s),but the excessive phosphorus flame retardant would cause the flame retardant performance to be relatively reduced.The addition of APP significantly increased the residual carbon rate,and the carbon layer of phosphorus modified hydrogel would be more compact and stiffer.The rheological stability of the modified hydrogels was the best when the ratio of PANa to APP was 2:1,where the ratio of 1:3 was dominated by viscosity,which was not conducive to the flame-retardant application of hydrogels.However,the addition of APP definitely decreased the absorption ratio of the absorbent resin,and the higher the APP content,the lower the absorption ratio.
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基金资助
山东省重点研发计划资助(2024CXGC010403)
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