燃料电池是高效能、无污染的能量转换装置,是未来能源的重要组成部分。催化剂作为燃料电池中的重要组成部分受到广泛关注。目前,最常见的催化剂是铂基催化剂,但铂基催化剂在应用中的一些缺陷使其发展严重受阻。报道了常见铂基催化剂的制备方法,如溶剂热法、浸渍还原法、多元醇法等,分析了不同制备方法的优缺点。在提升催化性能和稳定性方面,铂的合金化策略可以很好地提升催化剂性能和节约成本,介绍并对比了目前应用较多的二元及三元铂合金催化剂,选择合适的载体也可以起到调节催化剂性能的作用,概述了目前铂基催化剂常用几种碳载体的优势和不足以及相应的改善方法,为新型铂合金催化剂的制备和应用提供指导。
Fuel cells are efficient,non-polluting energy conversion devices and an important component of future energy.Catalysts,as a crucial part of fuel cells,have received widespread attention.Currently,the most common catalysts are platinum-based catalysts,but some defects in their application have severely hindered their development.This article reviewed the preparation methods of common platinum-based catalysts,such as solvo-thermal method,impregnation reduction method,and polyol method,and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods.In terms of enhancing catalytic performance and stability,the alloying strategy of platinum could significantly improve catalytic performance and reduce costs.The article introduced and compared commonly used binary and ternary platinum alloy catalysts.Selecting the appropriate carrier could also modulate the performance of the catalyst.It summarized the advantages and limitations of several commonly used carbon carriers for platinum-based catalysts,as well as corresponding improvement methods,providing guidance for the preparation and application of new platinum alloy catalysts.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(52361006);云南省科技人才与平台计划项目(202105AC160002);云南省基础研究专项重点项目(202401AS070021);云南省金属有机分子材料与器件重点实验室自主课题项目(YNMO-ZD-2409)
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