重金属离子因毒性强、不可生物降解且易生物富集,对人体多系统造成严重损伤。吸附法以装置简单、普适性强等优势成为重金属废水处理重要处理方法和研究热点。聚合物基复合吸附材料凭借聚合物稳定的物化性能、可设计的结构功能,以及可调的孔结构与吸附位点,在重金属废水治理中潜力巨大。综述了该类材料的吸附机理(离子交换、络合吸附、物理/静电吸附)、复合工艺(原位生长法、溶胶-凝胶法、自组装法等)及聚合物@无机材料、聚合物@金属有机骨架(MOFs)两类复合材料的研究与应用进展,指出了当前产业化瓶颈,为该类材料的开发提供参考,以期推动其在废水治理中实现“高性能-低成本-易工程化”。
Heavy metal ions,due to their high toxicity,non-biodegradability,and easy bioaccumulation,cause severe damage to multiple human systems.The adsorption method has become an important treatment technology and research hotspot for heavy metal wastewater,thanks to its advantages such as simple equipment and strong universality.Polymer-based composite adsorption materials show great potential in heavy metal wastewater treatment,benefiting from the stable physicochemical properties of polymers,designable structural functions,and adjustable pore structures and adsorption sites.This paper reviewed the adsorption mechanisms (ion exchange,complexation adsorption,physical/electrostatic adsorption),composite preparation processes (in-situ growth method,sol-gel method,self-assembly method,etc.),as well as the research and application progress of two types of composite materials,namely polymer@inorganic materials and polymer@metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).It also pointed out the current bottlenecks in industrialization and provided references for the development of such materials,aiming to promote their realization of “high performance-low cost-easy engineering application” in wastewater treatment.
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